depend

Word family noun dependant dependence ≠ independence dependency dependabilityadjective dependable dependent ≠ independent dependingverb depend adverb dependably independently dependingly

de·pend /dɪˈpend/ S1 W2 verb

1 it/that depends spokenDEPEND/IT DEPENDS used to say that you cannot give a definite answer to something because your answer will be affected by something else 那得看情况

‘How long are you staying?’ ‘I don’t know; it depends.’

“你打算逗留多久？” “我不知道，得看情况。”

it depends who/what/how/whether etc

You may take several months to reach your target weight – it depends how much you want to lose.

要达到目标体重也许需要几个月时间——这取决于你想减掉多少体重。

Examples from the Corpus

it/that depends• The arbitrator's decision is also meant to replace the reasons on which it depends.• However, that depends on a future legal decision.• And one that depends on government policies.• Whether they make it depends on how long it takes them to realize and step back.• At these outside shows it depends on the weather.• But second, it depends on what our selective-attention circuits select from all the sensations.• Well, that depends whether you'd rather shield them from such things or prepare them for it.

2 depend on/upon somebody/something phrasal verbphr v

a) DEPEND/IT DEPENDSif something depends on something else, it is directly affected or decided by that thing 取决于

The length of time spent exercising depends on the sport you are training for.

锻炼时间长短取决于训练的体育项目。

depend on how/what/whether etc

Choosing the right bike depends on what you want to use it for.

选择哪一种自行车合适取决于你的用途。

depending on something

The expenses you claim can vary enormously, depending on travel distances involved.

报销的金额可能相差很大，要看旅程的长短。

5Don’t say that one thing ‘is depend on’ another. Say that one thing depends on or is dependent on another.

不要说 one thing ‘is depend on’ another. 而要说 one thing depends on 或 is dependent on another.

b) DEPEND ON/RELY ONNEEDto need the support, help, or existence of someone or something in order to exist, be healthy, be successful etc 依靠，依赖 SYN rely on

The country depends heavily on its tourist trade.

这个国家非常依赖旅游业。

We depend entirely on donations from the public.

我们完全依赖公众的捐助。

depend on somebody/something for something

Many women have to depend on their husbands for their state pension.

许多妇女不得不依靠她们的丈夫才取得政府养老金。

depend on somebody/something to do something

I’m depending on you to tell me everything.

我指望你能告诉我所有的情况。

depend on somebody/something doing something

We’re depending on him finishing the job by Friday.

我们指望他在星期五前完成这项工作。

c) DEPEND ON/RELY ONto trust or have confidence in someone or something 信赖，相信

You can depend on Jane – she always keeps her promises.

你可以相信简——她一向都信守诺言。

Examples from the Corpus

depend on/upon • He added that the application procedure is very complicated and depends on full information from the tenant.• She can be power or grace, depending on the mood and the setting.• The simulation process is parallel, since one simulation does not depend on the outcome of a previous one.• Deciding on the right level for a band depends on the policy ideas which characterize different agents.• Water along the banks rose 2 to 10 feet, depending on the width of the river.• In some HMOs, payments to individual physicians are adjusted depending on their costs that month.• Which is why federal engineers in the same grades sometimes get different pay, depending on what they engineer.• Your choice of exercise must also depend on your general state of health.

depend on how/what/whether etc• The proportion of genes which an individual shares with a relation depends on how close the relationship is.• But a lot depends on how good a job Claris does when it comes to adding the final gloss.• In return, major donors were granted various privileges, depending on how much they had given.• The correlation here is somewhat subtle and depends on whether one is near to the bifurcation points or far from them.• What you do depends on whether the cold radiator is the only one affected, or whether others are cold too.• The second approach may have similar weaknesses, but this will depend on how the individual curricula are combined.• This was generous or brutal, depending on how you looked at it.• Much depends on what you want to do with the model.

depends heavily• Rural development in the Western Isles periphery depends heavily on finance from the mainland centre.• The success of such programmes depends heavily on how much part their recipients have in their design and execution.• Secondly, the measurement of performance depends heavily on the relevance, adequacy and timeliness of information.• The poetry of the first four volumes depends heavily on the simile to set the mood of the poem.• This is a complicated process, since what is possible depends heavily on what we believe.• The success of this venture depends heavily upon the quantity and quality of the research which can be assembled and examined.• The engine depends heavily upon turbocharging and on five valves per cylinder for its 150 horsepower.

n Grammar

Patterns with depend

You say:

The cost depends on the time of year.

You can also use the adjective dependent:

The cost is dependent on the time of year.

✗Don’t say: The cost is depend on the time of year.

Using the progressive

Depend is not used in the progressive. You say:

It depends (on) what you want.

✗Don’t say: It is depending (on) what you want.

However, the present participle depending is often used:

It costs between $50 and $70, depending on what you want.

n THESAURUS

depend on something/somebody to need something or someone in order to exist, or be healthy, successful etc

The island’s economy depends on tourism.

The two industries depend on each other.

Many people depend on the sport for their livelihood (=they need it in order to make money to live).

rely on something/somebody to depend on something or someone to do or provide what you need, especially because you have no choice

In rural areas, many people rely on public transport.

She’d never wanted to rely on a man for money.

count on something to depend on something that you expect to happen

Their government was counting on American support.

I’m counting on getting a pay rise next year.

lean on somebody to depend on someone for support and encouragement, especially at a difficult time

We all need a good friend that we can lean on.

When her husband died, she leant on Mike for support.

Examples from the Corpus

depend• "Are you going to apply for that job?" "Well, it depends."• We still don't know whether we'll have to move to a new house or not - it all depends.• I might not be able to go to France - it depends how much it costs.• The differences in opinion depend largely on where economists look for evidence.• Just how high rents will rise depends on location.• The amount I earn depends on the kind of work I'm doing.• The length of time spent in hospital depends on the method used, but it can be as little as one day.• Newco's options depend on these factors, as well as on the time available and the financial strength of the vendor.• Consumers may find prices higher or lower than average, depending on where they buy gas.• The appropriate steps will vary depending upon the clinical circumstances.• What happens depends upon what both prisoners do, and neither knows what the other has done.• It depends very much on the units you choose.

Origin depend

(1400-1500) French dépendre, from Latin pendere “to hang”

词汇	depend
释义	depend Word family noun dependant dependence ≠ independence dependency dependabilityadjective dependable dependent ≠ independent dependingverb depend adverb dependably independently dependingly de·pend /dɪˈpend/ ●●● S1 W2 verb 1 it/that depends spokenDEPEND/IT DEPENDS used to say that you cannot give a definite answer to something because your answer will be affected by something else 那得看情况 ‘How long are you staying?’ ‘I don’t know; it depends.’ “你打算逗留多久？” “我不知道，得看情况。” it depends who/what/how/whether etc You may take several months to reach your target weight – it depends how much you want to lose. 要达到目标体重也许需要几个月时间——这取决于你想减掉多少体重。 Examples from the Corpus it/that depends• The arbitrator's decision is also meant to replace the reasons on which it depends.• However, that depends on a future legal decision.• And one that depends on government policies.• Whether they make it depends on how long it takes them to realize and step back.• At these outside shows it depends on the weather.• But second, it depends on what our selective-attention circuits select from all the sensations.• Well, that depends whether you'd rather shield them from such things or prepare them for it. 2 depend on/upon somebody/something phrasal verbphr v a) DEPEND/IT DEPENDSif something depends on something else, it is directly affected or decided by that thing 取决于 The length of time spent exercising depends on the sport you are training for. 锻炼时间长短取决于训练的体育项目。 depend on how/what/whether etc Choosing the right bike depends on what you want to use it for. 选择哪一种自行车合适取决于你的用途。 depending on something The expenses you claim can vary enormously, depending on travel distances involved. 报销的金额可能相差很大，要看旅程的长短。 5Don’t say that one thing ‘is depend on’ another. Say that one thing depends on or is dependent on another. 不要说 one thing ‘is depend on’ another. 而要说 one thing depends on 或 is dependent on another. b) DEPEND ON/RELY ONNEEDto need the support, help, or existence of someone or something in order to exist, be healthy, be successful etc 依靠，依赖 SYN rely on The country depends heavily on its tourist trade. 这个国家非常依赖旅游业。 We depend entirely on donations from the public. 我们完全依赖公众的捐助。 depend on somebody/something for something Many women have to depend on their husbands for their state pension. 许多妇女不得不依靠她们的丈夫才取得政府养老金。 depend on somebody/something to do something I’m depending on you to tell me everything. 我指望你能告诉我所有的情况。 depend on somebody/something doing something We’re depending on him finishing the job by Friday. 我们指望他在星期五前完成这项工作。 c) DEPEND ON/RELY ONto trust or have confidence in someone or something 信赖，相信 You can depend on Jane – she always keeps her promises. 你可以相信简——她一向都信守诺言。 Examples from the Corpus depend on/upon • He added that the application procedure is very complicated and depends on full information from the tenant.• She can be power or grace, depending on the mood and the setting.• The simulation process is parallel, since one simulation does not depend on the outcome of a previous one.• Deciding on the right level for a band depends on the policy ideas which characterize different agents.• Water along the banks rose 2 to 10 feet, depending on the width of the river.• In some HMOs, payments to individual physicians are adjusted depending on their costs that month.• Which is why federal engineers in the same grades sometimes get different pay, depending on what they engineer.• Your choice of exercise must also depend on your general state of health. depend on how/what/whether etc• The proportion of genes which an individual shares with a relation depends on how close the relationship is.• But a lot depends on how good a job Claris does when it comes to adding the final gloss.• In return, major donors were granted various privileges, depending on how much they had given.• The correlation here is somewhat subtle and depends on whether one is near to the bifurcation points or far from them.• What you do depends on whether the cold radiator is the only one affected, or whether others are cold too.• The second approach may have similar weaknesses, but this will depend on how the individual curricula are combined.• This was generous or brutal, depending on how you looked at it.• Much depends on what you want to do with the model. depends heavily• Rural development in the Western Isles periphery depends heavily on finance from the mainland centre.• The success of such programmes depends heavily on how much part their recipients have in their design and execution.• Secondly, the measurement of performance depends heavily on the relevance, adequacy and timeliness of information.• The poetry of the first four volumes depends heavily on the simile to set the mood of the poem.• This is a complicated process, since what is possible depends heavily on what we believe.• The success of this venture depends heavily upon the quantity and quality of the research which can be assembled and examined.• The engine depends heavily upon turbocharging and on five valves per cylinder for its 150 horsepower. n Grammar Patterns with depend You say: The cost depends on the time of year. You can also use the adjective dependent: The cost is dependent on the time of year. ✗Don’t say: The cost is depend on the time of year. Using the progressive Depend is not used in the progressive. You say: It depends (on) what you want. ✗Don’t say: It is depending (on) what you want. However, the present participle depending is often used: It costs between $50 and $70, depending on what you want. n THESAURUS depend on something/somebody to need something or someone in order to exist, or be healthy, successful etc The island’s economy depends on tourism. The two industries depend on each other. Many people depend on the sport for their livelihood (=they need it in order to make money to live). rely on something/somebody to depend on something or someone to do or provide what you need, especially because you have no choice In rural areas, many people rely on public transport. She’d never wanted to rely on a man for money. count on something to depend on something that you expect to happen Their government was counting on American support. I’m counting on getting a pay rise next year. lean on somebody to depend on someone for support and encouragement, especially at a difficult time We all need a good friend that we can lean on. When her husband died, she leant on Mike for support. Examples from the Corpus depend• "Are you going to apply for that job?" "Well, it depends."• We still don't know whether we'll have to move to a new house or not - it all depends.• I might not be able to go to France - it depends how much it costs.• The differences in opinion depend largely on where economists look for evidence.• Just how high rents will rise depends on location.• The amount I earn depends on the kind of work I'm doing.• The length of time spent in hospital depends on the method used, but it can be as little as one day.• Newco's options depend on these factors, as well as on the time available and the financial strength of the vendor.• Consumers may find prices higher or lower than average, depending on where they buy gas.• The appropriate steps will vary depending upon the clinical circumstances.• What happens depends upon what both prisoners do, and neither knows what the other has done.• It depends very much on the units you choose. Origin depend (1400-1500) French dépendre, from Latin pendere “to hang”
随便看	flesh out something flesh out sth fleshpots flesh something out flesh something ↔ out flesh sth out flesh-wound flesh wound fleshwound flesh wounds fleshy flew flew flex flexed flexes flexibilities flexibility flexibility flexible flexible/short-time etc working flexible-time working flexibly flexing flexings 鉝鉥鉧鉨鉴鉴临鉴于鉴别鉴原鉴取鉴定鉴定人鉴察鉴往知来鉴戒鉴明鉴核鉴真鉴认鉴证鉴评鉴谅鉴貌辨色鉴赏鉴选