| 词汇 | to |
| 释义 | toto1 /tə; before vowels tʊ; strong tuː/ ●●● S1 W1 [used before the basic form of a verb to show that it is in the infinitive] → two, too 1 XX a) used after a verb, noun, or adjective when an infinitive completes its meaning 〔用于动词、名词或形容词后 使意思完整〕 We tried to explain. 我们试图解释。 It was starting to rain. 开始下雨了。 The manager asked them to leave. 经理要求他们离开。 an attempt to escape 逃跑的企图 Have you got permission to stay here? 你获准待在这儿了吗？ Our team’s certain to win. 我们队肯定会赢。 Are you ready to start? 你准备好开始了吗？ This delicious dessert is easy to make (=you can make it easily). 这道美味的甜点制作容易。 b) used by itself instead of an infinitive in order to avoid repeating the same verb 〔代替不定式单独使用，以避免重复使用同一个动词〕 You can drive today if you want to (=if you want to drive). 你今天要是想开车，就开吧。 I could have helped, but nobody asked me to. 我本可以帮忙，但没人叫我。 2 XXused after a word such as ‘how’, ‘where’, ‘who’, ‘what’, or ‘whether’ to refer to an action about which someone is not certain 〔用于how，where，who，what 或 whether 之后，表示某人不确定的某个行为〕 I know where to go but I don’t know how to get there. 我知道去什么地方，但我不知道怎样去。 She wondered whether or not to trust him. 她不知道该不该信任他。 3 TO/IN ORDER TOused to show a purpose or intention 〔表示目的或意图〕 They left early to catch the 7.30 train. 他们早早动身去赶7点30分的火车。 To find out more about university courses, write to this address. 想要了解更多大学课程的信息，按此地址来函。 We need more money to improve transport in London. 我们需要更多资金来改善伦敦的交通状况。 Register In written English, people often use in order to rather than just to when expressing a purpose or intention, because it sounds more formal: 在书面英语中，人们经常用in order to而不只是to表示“为了…”，因为这样听上去更正式 Investment has been increased in order to improve the transport system. 已经增加了投资以改善交通。 4 used to refer to an action or state, when describing it 〔用于描述某种行为或状态〕 It’s nice to be wanted. 被人需要感觉很好。 He’s finding it hard to cope. 他发现这件事很难应付。 To say I am disappointed is an understatement. 说我失望只是轻描淡写。 The simplest solution would be to increase the price. 最简单的解决办法就是提高价格。 5 used to say what can or cannot be done, or what should be done 〔用于表示能否做什么或应该做什么〕 You’ll soon be old enough to vote in elections. 你很快就到可以投票的年龄了。 He did not have the energy to resist. 他无力抵抗。 I’m too tired to go out tonight. 我太累了，今晚没法出去。 6 XXused after the verb ‘be’ to give an order or to state arrangements for the future 〔用于动词be后，表示下指令或说明未来的安排〕 You are to wait here until I return. 你要在这儿等到我回来。 They are to be married on May 25th. 他们将于5月25日结婚。 7 used to say what someone discovers or experiences when they do something 〔指某人做某事时的发现或经历〕 He arrived there to find that the last train had already left. 他赶到那里，发现最后一班火车已经开走了。 The princess stepped ashore to be greeted by an enthusiastic crowd of admirers. 王妃踏上岸，受到一群崇拜者的热烈欢迎。 She woke to see Ben standing by the window. 她醒来时看到本站在窗边。 8 used to say what your attitude or purpose is in saying something 〔说明说话的态度或目的〕 I’ve never heard of him, to be quite honest. 老实说，我从未听说过他。 To begin with, let’s look at Chapter 3. 首先，让我们来看第三章。 to2 ●●● S1 W1 prepositionprep 1 TOWARDSused to say where someone or something goes 向，朝，到，往 She stood up and walked to the window. 她站起来走到窗前。 the road to London 通往伦敦的路 our weekly trip to the supermarket 我们每周一次的超级市场之行 sending a spaceship to Mars 向火星发射宇宙飞船 These people go from house to house selling goods (=visit many different houses). 这些人挨家挨户兜售货物。 2 used to say who receives something or is told or shown something 向；给；对 He sent presents to the children. 他给孩子们寄了礼物。 She whispered something to the girl beside her. 她悄悄跟旁边的女孩说了些什么。 Give my best wishes to your parents when you see them. 见到你的父母，替我向他们问好。 Don’t show these letters to anyone else. 不要给其他任何人看这些信。 a message from the Emperor to his people 皇帝向臣民下的谕旨 3 XXused to show in which direction something is in relation to something else 在…方，位于…方向 Knutsford is about 16 miles to the south of Manchester. 纳茨福德位于曼彻斯特以南约16英里。 There was a table to the left of the doorway. 门口左边有一张桌子。 4 XXused to show the purpose, event, or activity for which you go somewhere 去做，去参加 Sophie goes to gymnastics every Friday. 索菲每周五都去做体操。 Did you get an invitation to their wedding? 你接到他们婚礼的邀请函了吗？ Don’t forget, we’re going to a party tomorrow night. 别忘了，我们明晚要去参加聚会。 If he needed help, Mother came rushing to the rescue. 如果他需要帮助，母亲就赶紧来帮忙。 5 XXused to say what state someone or something is in as a result of an action or change 到〔某种状态〕 She sang the baby to sleep. 她唱歌哄宝宝入睡。 Wait until the lights change to green. 等绿灯再走。 a return to a traditional way of life 传统生活方式的回归 6 XXused to say that one thing is touching another 〔相互之间〕贴着，紧挨着 He held a knife to her throat. 他拿着一把刀抵在她的喉咙上。 They danced cheek to cheek. 他们脸贴着脸跳舞。 7 used to say where something is fastened or connected 连接在 He tied the rope to a tree. 他把绳子系到一棵树上。 Attach a recent photograph to your application form. 在申请表上附一张近照。 Cash machines are linked up to a central computer. 自动取款机和一台中央电脑连接。 8 TOWARDSfacing something or in front of it 对着，面对着 I sat with my back to the window. 我背对窗户坐着。 We were standing face to face. 我们面对面站着。 9 used to show a relationship with someone or something 〔表明和某人或某物的关系〕 George’s sister was married to an Italian. 乔治的姐姐嫁给了一个意大利人。 He was first cousin to King Philip VI. 他是国王腓力六世的表亲。 The robbery may be linked to other crimes of violence. 这次抢劫有可能和其他暴力犯罪有关联。 10 UNTIL a) as far as a particular point or limit 达到〔某一点或某个限度〕 She can already count from one to twenty. 她已经能从1数到20了。 The water came right up to our knees. 水一直涨到了我们的膝部。 Temperatures dropped to 25 degrees below zero. 温度降到了零下25度。 It’s ten kilometres from here to the coast. 从这儿到海边有10公里。 She read the novel from beginning to end. 她把小说从头到尾看了一遍。 Does your interest in nuclear physics extend to nuclear weaponry? 你对核物理的兴趣是不是还包括核武器？ b) until and including a particular time or date 直到，到…为止〔并包括在内〕 They stayed from Friday night to Sunday morning. 他们从星期五晚上待到了星期日早上。 I’ll be on duty from 8 am to 10 pm. 我从上午8点到晚上10点值班。 11 used to say what or who an action, attitude, situation etc affects or is related to 对，对于〔指受某一行为、某种态度、情况等影响的对象〕 The factory clearly represents a danger to health. 这家工厂对于健康显然是个危害。 She’s always been kind to animals. 她一向善待动物。 his attitude to life 他对生活的态度 What have you done to the radio? It’s not working. 你把收音机怎么了？它不响了。 12 XXused to say who someone works for 为…〔工作〕 Jane is secretary to the managing director. 简是总经理的秘书。 13 used to say what something is needed for 用于 I’m still waiting for an answer to my question. 我还在等待我的问题能有个回答。 Have you seen the key to the back door? 你看到过后门的钥匙吗？ 14 COMPAREused when comparing two things, numbers etc 比，相比于 England beat Scotland by two goals to one. 英格兰队以二比一击败了苏格兰队。 Yes, she was punished, but it was nothing to what she deserved. 是的，她受到了惩罚，但是与应得的惩罚比起来就不算什么了。 15 XXused to say who has a particular attitude or opinion about something 对于…而言，对…来说 The whole thing sounds very suspicious to me. 整件事在我听来十分可疑。 Tickets cost £10 each and to some people that’s a lot of money. 门票每张10英镑，这对有些人来说是不少钱。 To my mind, age does not matter; love is what matters. 在我看来，年龄不是问题，爱情才最重要。 16 XXused to say what someone’s reaction is when something happens 〔表示某事发生时某人的反应〕 Much to everyone’s surprise she passed the exam with distinction. 让大伙吃惊的是，她竟然以优异的成绩通过了考试。 I discovered to my horror that my passport was missing. 我惊恐地发现我的护照不见了。 17 UNTILused when saying how much time there is before a particular event or time 〔离某件事或某时间〕还差…时间 It’s only two weeks to Christmas. 离圣诞节只有两个星期了。 How long is it to dinner? 到晚饭时间还有多久？ ten to five/twenty to one etc (=ten minutes, twenty minutes etc before a particular hour) 5点差10分/1点差20分等 18 XX a) used when talking about a rate or quantity to say how many smaller units equal a larger unit 等于，每一〔表示数量或比率〕 We’re only getting 130 yen to the dollar at the moment. 目前一美元仅能兑换130日元。 There are just over four and a half litres to a gallon. 1加仑大约有4.5升多一点。 b) used to show the relationship between two different measurements or quantities 〔用于表示两个不同度量、数量之间的关系〕 The car will do over 40 miles to the gallon. 这车1 加仑汽油能行驶40多英里。 The scale of your map is one inch to the mile. 你这张地图的比例尺为一英寸比一英里。 19 used to say that a particular sound is heard at the same time as something happens 〔表示某事发生时伴随的声音〕 I woke to the sound of torrential rain. 我在滂沱的雨声中醒来。 The royal couple arrived to a fanfare of trumpets. 王室夫妇在一片号角花彩声中抵达。 I like to exercise to music. 我喜欢伴着音乐进行锻炼。 20 XXused between two numbers when you do not know exactly what the real number or amount is 至，到 用于两个数字之间，表示估计数字〕 There must have been eighteen to twenty thousand people at the concert. 那场音乐会上肯定有一万八到两万人。 He drowned in 10 to 12 feet of water. 他淹死在10到12英尺深的水中。 21 (all) to yourself if you have something or someone to yourself, you do not have to share them with other people 独享 It was the first time I’d had a room to myself. 这是我第一次独自拥有一个房间。 Examples from the Corpus (all) to yourself• At first there was silence as they drove along the quiet road, simply enjoying being close to each other.• He had done nothing wrong, nothing at all, but there was no way of proving it, even to himself.• Today it tends to be a more exclusive activity in which theologians talk straight to each other and down to the faithful.• Tutor and pupil may, however, have spoken Latin to each other.• We continually talk to ourselves about them, losing force all the time, and feel that we are very badly treated.• Until the beginning of this year, Congress had not applied to itself a single civil-rights or workplace statute passed this century.• As mentioned earlier, my grandfather kept to himself in his smoke-filled room, rarely venturing out.• He can't be very bright can he, drawing attention to himself like that? 22 DGGused to say what the chances of something happening are 〔表示某事发生的几率〕 I’ll bet you ten to one he’ll forget all about it. 我和你打赌，他十有八九会把这事忘得干干净净。 Examples from the Corpus to• Contreras was driving at 80 to 90 miles per hour.• 100-1 odds• "What time is it?" "Ten to five."• Do you want to go to Mika's wedding with me?• Jason's hair is down to his shoulders now.• After an hour outside my hands had turned to ice.• He turned his back to me and walked away.• He doesn't even say "Hi" to me anymore.• It seems to me that we should just buy a new TV.• Nathan, you sit here to my right.• I'll bet you 50 to one he doesn't show up.• It's ten to six.• It doesn't get dark until about twenty to ten.• Do you have the keys to the house?• It's just a week to the wedding - how do you feel?• Mt. Eddy is directly to the west of Mt. Shasta.• He's going to Tokyo on a business trip.• A to Z to3 /tuː/ ●●○ adverbadv British EnglishBrE → two, too XXif a door is pushed to, it closes or almost closes 〔门〕在关上的位置 → come to The wind blew the door to. 风把门吹上了。 Old English to3 adverbadv |
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