| 词汇 | strain |
| 释义 | strainWord family adjectivestrainedadverbstrainedlynounstrainerstrainingverbstrain Physics, Illness & disability, Biology strain1 /streɪn/ ●●○ W3 noun 1 worry 焦虑 [countableC, uncountableU]WORRIED worry that is caused by having to deal with a problem or work too hard over a long period of time 焦虑；紧张 → stress I couldn’t look after him anymore; the strain was too much for me. 我不能再照看他了，压力太大。 Did you find the job a strain? 你觉得这份工作紧张吗？ the stresses and strains of police life 警察生活的紧张和压力 strain for The trial has been a terrible strain for both of us. 法庭审判令我们两人都非常焦虑。 strain on It’s quite a strain on me when he’s drinking heavily. 他喝很多酒时，我就十分担心。 put/place a strain on somebody The long working hours put a severe strain on employees. 长时间工作使雇员严重焦虑。 under (a) strain I know you’ve been under a lot of strain lately. 我知道你最近压力很大。 crack/collapse/buckle etc under the strain (=become unable to deal with a problem or work) 因压力大而崩溃 I could see that she was beginning to crack under the strain. 我能看出她开始承受不了压力了。 2 difficulty 困难 [countableC, uncountableU]PROBLEM a difficulty or problem that is caused when a person, relationship, organization, or system has too much to do or too many problems to deal with 问题，困难；负担；紧张 strain on The dry summer has further increased the strain on water resources. 干旱的夏季加剧了水资源紧张的情况。 put/place (a) strain on something The flu epidemic has put a huge strain on the health service. 流感爆发给卫生部门带来巨大的压力。 strain in The attack has led to strains in the relationship between the two countries. 袭击事件导致两国关系紧张。 under (a) strain His marriage was under strain. 他的婚姻关系很紧张。 break/crack/collapse etc under the strain 因压力大而崩溃 The party split under the strain. 在重压之下，这个政党分裂了。 3 force 力,力量 [uncountableU]HPPUSHPULL a situation in which something is being pulled or pushed, or is holding weight, and so might break or become damaged 拉力；张力；推力 strain on The strain on the cables supporting the bridge is enormous. 这些支撑桥梁的钢缆所承受的拉力很大。 put/place (a) strain on something Some of these exercises put too much strain on the back muscles. 这些健身动作中有些令背部肌肉负担过重。 These four posts take the strain of the whole structure. 这四根柱子承受着整个结构的压力。 break/snap/collapse etc under the strain The rope snapped under the strain. 绳子被拉断了。 4 injury 损伤 [countableC, uncountableU]MIINJURE an injury to a muscle or part of your body that is caused by using it too much 〔肌肉或人体部位的〕拉伤；扭伤；劳损 Long hours working at a computer can cause eye strain. 长时间用电脑工作会引起眼睛疲劳。 The goalkeeper is still out of action with a knee strain. ► see thesaurus at injury 守门员由于膝伤仍无法参加比赛。 5 plant/animal 植物/动物 [countableC]HBTYPE a type of animal, plant, or disease 系，品系，品种，类型 strain of different strains of wheat 不同品种的小麦 a new strain of the flu virus 一种新型的流感病毒 6 quality 品质 [singular]CHARACTER/PERSONALITY a particular quality which people have, especially one that is passed from parents to children 〔尤指遗传的〕性格倾向，气质，性情 strain of There’s a strain of madness in his family. 他的家族有疯癫的倾向。 7 way of saying STH 说话的方式 [singular] formalMEANING an amount of a feeling that you can see in the way someone speaks, writes, paints etc 表达方式；口吻，语气；笔调 a strain of bitterness in Young’s later work 杨后期作品中怨愤的笔调 8 strains of something literarySOUND the sound of music being played 音乐的曲调[旋律] We sipped wine to the strains of Beethoven. 我们一边听贝多芬的旋律一边抿着葡萄酒。 Examples from the Corpus strains of something• When Sabin developed his attenuated strains of polio he energetically pursued his goal of making them widely accepted as vaccine strains.• Protoplasts from different strains of plant have been joined, giving rise to a completely new variety blending characteristics from each parent.• I see little reason to prefer strains of lettuce, for instance, that are inherently poisonous to pests.• Resistant strains of bacteria were detected soon after the widespread introduction of penicillin in the 1940s.• And unusual strains of salmonella have increased too.• They were scared by the virulent strains of virus Salk insisted on using in his vaccine. n COLLOCATIONS – Meanings 1 & 2 adjectives great/considerable/severe strain The country’s health system is under great strain. a terrible strain It’s been a terrible strain. an intolerable strain (=too great to bear) The cost of these wars put an intolerable strain on the economy. undue strain (=too much strain) How much can you invest without putting any undue strain on your finances? emotional strain She has been suffering from considerable emotional strain. financial strain verbsThis welfare program has eased the financial strain of raising children alone. put/place (a) strain on somebody/something Living with my parents put quite a strain on our marriage. crack/collapse/buckle etc under the strain (=become unable to continue normally because of the strain) They are worried that the court system might collapse under the strain. ease the strain (=make it less) phrasesYou can do much to ease the strain of the situation for her. be under (a) strain Claudia could see that he was under considerable strain. stresses and strains Holidays help people to cope with the stresses and strains of life. Examples from the Corpus strain• The rope is capable of bearing a strain of three tons.• The company wanted 110% commitment, and that put a strain on our marriage.• Some had been finding work a strain and early retirement came as a relief.• a back strain• A pure-bred strain of barley is required in the production of this whisky.• Both of the positive control strains adhered strongly to HEp-2 cells.• The legal fight has been an enormous strain on my wife.• As she describes the irritating eye strain, Estrada laughs self consciously.• eye strain• Argyle player-manager Shilton ruled himself out of the hiding-to-nothing trip with a groin strain.• A particularly hardy strain of the virus can make you ill for over a week.• Such efforts put heavy strains on the financial and human resources of the organization.• They also needed to determine the genetic sequence of the virus so that they could compare it with known herpes strains.• She had a busy week, and she's under a lot of strain at the moment.• Asthma / bronchitis claims jump 75 %; sprains / strains are 34. 6 % higher.• He had trouble handling the strain of raising eight kids.• He could see the strain in her face as she told him what she was going through.• The strain of managing such a huge company became too much for Anita.• The strain was beginning to show in their friendship.• He is putting his body under unbelievable strain, which is fine when he is 26. find ... strain• Others have found similar strains only in repeated samples from the same individual.• Even Lancaster found his patience strained when Douglas told him how to play his part.• She did not find Flora any strain either.• She found she was straining her ears for the musical clang of the town church bells. put/place (a) strain on something• The waiting also puts a strain on parents.• Lack of stock control Goods which can not be quickly used or sold but put strains on cash flow.• One neck exercise could damage the top of the spine while straight leg sit-ups could put strain on the back.• And the demand for vaccine has started to put a strain on supplies.• The problem is the vigorous shaking of the trunk puts a strain on the roots.• So I was there until Sean was seventeen months, which put a strain on all of us, I think.• Occupational therapists also can modify items to make it possible to use them without placing a strain on arthritic joints. put/place (a) strain on something• The waiting also puts a strain on parents.• Lack of stock control Goods which can not be quickly used or sold but put strains on cash flow.• One neck exercise could damage the top of the spine while straight leg sit-ups could put strain on the back.• And the demand for vaccine has started to put a strain on supplies.• The problem is the vigorous shaking of the trunk puts a strain on the roots.• So I was there until Sean was seventeen months, which put a strain on all of us, I think.• Occupational therapists also can modify items to make it possible to use them without placing a strain on arthritic joints. strain of• a deadly strain of influenza• There is a strong strain of nationalism in the country.• Through the window we could hear the strains of Mozart. Illness & disability, Cooking strain2 ●●○ verb 1 injure 损伤 [transitiveT]MIINJURE to injure a muscle or part of your body by using it too much or making it work too hard 拉伤，扭伤，损伤 I’ve strained a muscle in my leg. 我的腿有一处肌肉拉伤。 You’ll strain your eyes trying to read in this light. ► see thesaurus at hurt 在这样的光线下看书会伤眼睛的。 2 effort 努力 [intransitiveI, transitiveT]TRY TO DO OR GET something to try very hard to do something using all your strength or ability 使劲，竭力，用尽全力 strain (something) to do something She was straining to keep her head above the water. 她竭尽全力将头露出水面。 strain for Bill choked and gasped, straining for air. 比尔噎住了，喘着气，拼命呼吸着。 strain your ears/eyes (=try very hard to hear or see) 努力地听/看 I strained my ears, listening for any sound in the silence of the cave. 我侧耳倾听寂静的山洞里有些什么声音。 3 liquid 液体 [transitiveT]DFC to separate solid things from a liquid by pouring the mixture through something with very small holes in it 滤，过滤 → sieve She strained the pasta. 她把意大利面滤干水。 4 difficulty 困难 [transitiveT]FORCE somebody TO DO something to cause difficulties for something by making too much work or too many problems which it cannot deal with easily 使过劳；使不堪承受 The increased costs will certainly strain our finances. 开支增加当然会使我们财务紧张。 The incident has strained relations between the two countries. 该事件使两国之间的关系紧张起来。 I felt that my patience was being strained to the limit. 我感到我的耐心已经到了极限。 5 pull/push 拉/推 [intransitiveI]PUSHPULL to pull hard at something or push hard against something 使劲拉[推]，绷紧 strain against Buddy’s huge gut strained against the buttons on his shirt. 巴迪的大肚子把衬衫纽扣绷得紧紧的。 strain at a dog straining at its lead 一只使劲拽着牵绳的狗 6 strain every nerve TRY TO DO OR GET somethingto try as hard as possible to do something 全力以赴 He was straining every nerve to impress the judges. 他竭尽全力给评判员留下好印象。 Examples from the Corpus strain every nerve• Vincent strained every nerve to turn himself into a draughtsman acceptable to the illustrated papers, and the strain showed. 7 be straining at the leash ENTHUSIASTICto be eager to be allowed to do something 急欲获准做某事，跃跃欲试 There are 30,000 troops in the area, all straining at the leash. 该地区有三万名士兵，全都在枕戈待旦。 8 not strain yourself to not work too hard or do too much physical activity – often used in an ironic way 使自己不要过度劳累〔常用于讽刺〕 Don’t strain yourself. 别把自己累坏了。 Examples from the Corpus not strain yourself• Continually adepts are warned that they must not strain themselves or try to experience these unnatural things. Examples from the Corpus strain• Sometimes he strained his head up towards the ceiling and his mouth moved as if he were trying to shout orders.• James strained his right knee playing football.• Righthander Robert Person was scheduled to start, but a strained left hamstring sustained over the weekend could delay his spring debut.• She carries a small but distinct belly, which is straining the red material of the skirt.• Strain the sauce through a sieve.• Repairs to the roof have severely strained the school's budget.• His frightened eyes widened, straining to live. strain your ears/eyes• He stood tensed, straining his ears.• She spoke softly, directing her remarks exclusively at Karelius and Moreau, so that the others were obliged to strain their ears.• She strained her ears but could hear nothing.• Don't strain your eyes by putting up with poor lighting.• We crowded round the table, straining our ears for the magic sounds, while Robert adjusted the cat's whisker.• She strained her eyes, searching, but today she could not persuade herself that there were any seals out there.• As we talked, we stopped once in a while and strained our ears to hear.• I strained my eyes to see their faces, my ears to catch their whispered voices. strain against• Spectators strained against the barriers to get a closer look. 1. (1500-1600) → STRAIN2 2. Old English streon “gain” strain2 (1300-1400) Old French estraindre, from Latin stringere; → STRINGENT |
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