| 词汇 | rule |
| 释义 | ruleWord family noun rule ruler ruling unruliness rulershipadjective ruling unruly ruled rulablerulelessrulyverb rule overrule Grammar, Measurement rule1 /ruːl/ ●●● S1 W1 noun 1 about what is allowed 关于允许做的事 [countableC]RULE/REGULATION an official instruction that says how things must be done or what is allowed, especially in a game, organization, or job 规则；章程；规定〔尤用于游戏、组织或工作〕 rule of the rules of the game 游戏规则 under the rules/according to the rules 恪守/遵守规定 Under the rules, the company must publish its annual accounts. 根据规定，该公司必须公布年度账目。 2 about what you should do 关于应该做的事 [countableC] what you should do in a particular situation, or a statement about this 〔特定情况下〕应做的事；规定，规则 There are no hard and fast rules (=clear and definite rules) about what to wear to classes. 对于上课着装并没有硬性规定。 rule of There are two basic rules of survival. 有两条基本的生存规则。 The rule is: if you feel any pain you should stop exercising immediately. 原则是: 如果觉得疼痛，就应立即停止锻炼。 3 normal/usual 正常的/通常的 [singular] something that is normal or usually true 习惯；常规；惯常做法 as a (general) rule As a general rule most students finish their coursework by the end of May. 一般来说，大多数学生在5月底结束他们的课程。 Early marriage used to be the rule in that part of the world. 过去在那个地方早婚是常见现象。 A series of payments used to be the exception rather than the rule. 在过去分期付款并不多见。 Unfortunately there is an exception to every rule. 很遗憾，每项规则都有例外。 4 government 政府 [uncountableU]GOVERENMENT the government of a country or area by a particular group of people or using a particular system 统治；管辖；治理 under ... rule 5people living under colonial rule 生活在殖民统治下的人们 n people living under communist rule the end of colonial rule 殖民统治的结束 a period of military rule 军政府统治的时期 direct rule from Westminster 英国议会的直接统治 the restoration of majority rule (=government by the party that most people have voted for) to Northern Ireland 北爱尔兰恢复由获多数选票的政党执政 5 in grammar/science etc 语法/科学等中 [countableC]SLG a statement about what is usually allowed in a particular system, such as the grammar of a language, or a science 规则；定律 rule of the rules of English punctuation 英语标点符号的用法 6 the rule of law a situation in which the laws of a country are obeyed 法治 We are here to uphold the rule of law. 我们在这里是要维护法治。 Examples from the Corpus the rule of law• No one can read the Pentateuch and conclude that justice is just concerned with private property and the rule of law.• We have to follow the rule of law.• This extradition is a victory for all who believe in the rule of law.• However, we are not that much nearer to a world order dominated by a fair application of the rule of law.• In putting this case we should first recollect the third pillar in Dicey's concept of the rule of law.• Violent picketing also threatened the rule of law. 7 the rules of natural justice what people believe to be right and fair 公道，公理 The governor failed to observe the rules of natural justice. 总督不讲公道。 Examples from the Corpus the rules of natural justice• If he perceives that there is a likelihood of bias, the rules of natural justice have been broken. 2.• When do the rules of natural justice apply?• Similarly, a requirement that the expert observe the rules of natural justice could be made a contractual obligation.• Lord Denning restricted the full application of the rules of natural justice on the ground of national security.• An obvious example would be if it reached a decision in flagrant breach of the rules of natural justice.• A corollary of this view was that the content of the rules of natural justice could be relatively fired and certain.• The injunction is important in public law in the context of the rules of natural justice. 8 rule of thumb GUESSa rough figure or method of calculation, based on practical experience 〔基于实际经验的〕粗略的数字[计算方法] As a general rule of thumb, children this age should not spend more than one hour on homework. 按照实际经验，这个年龄的儿童花在家庭作业上的时间不应超过一小时。 Examples from the Corpus rule of thumb• You should tip bellmen $1- $2 per bag, as a rule of thumb.• As a rule of thumb, funds with durations of one to three years are relatively conservative.• Journalists have a rule of thumb: the more a person knows, the more that person can learn.• It was a place, Wade came to understand, where lost was a rule of thumb.• When constructing a footpath we follow rules of thumb.• A good rule of thumb is to think of 30k as around the upper limit for a page.• Business development professionals often rely on simple rules of thumb to sort potential relationships and weed out unlikely partners.• In general, the rule of thumb was that one's peers were seconded to perform the role.• The rule of thumb no longer mattered. 9 make it a rule (to do something) USUALLYto try to make sure that you always do something 定下规矩（做某事） I make it a rule never to mix business with pleasure. 我定下一个规矩，绝不把工作和娱乐混在一起。 Examples from the Corpus make it a rule (to do something)• Since I have made it a rule not to lie to a client, I assume reciprocal honesty from him.• In fact, he made it a rule never to make any friend who could not be useful to him.• I make it a rule not to take friends on as clients.• I make it a rule to go at least three times.• They made it a rule that she was never to be alone. 10. for measuring 用于测量 [countableC] old-fashionedTMDHH a ruler 尺子，直尺 → golden rule, ground rules, home rule, slide rule, → work to rule at work1(32) COLLOCATIONS verbs break a rule (also violate a rule formal) (=not obey it) 违反规定 He had clearly broken the official rules. 他显然违反了官方的规定。 nAny one who violates this rule will be severely punished. obey/follow a rule 遵守/服从规定 She wasn’t going to obey their silly rules. 她不会去遵守他们的愚蠢规定。 comply with/abide by/observe a rule formal (=obey it) 遵从/遵循/遵守规定 All members must comply with the rules of the organization. 所有成员都必须服从组织的规定。 nThere is little that one country can do if another fails to abide by the rules. nWe expect you to observe the general rules of conduct as set out below. stick to/go by the rules informal (=obey them) 恪守/遵守规定 We all have to stick to the rules. 我们都必须恪守规定。 make the rules 制定规则 I’m only an assistant manager – I don’t make the rules. 我只是个经理助理——规则不是我定的。 the rule says ... 规定是… The rule says that you must be standing inside the line. 按规定，必须站在线内。 nthe rule stipulates that ... formal (=it says that something must be done) The rules stipulate that clubs must field the strongest team available. nthe rule prohibits/forbids something The rule forbids women from becoming members of the club. nthe rule requires (that) ... formal (=it says that people must do something) School rules required all girls to tie back their hair. the rule applies to somebody/something (=it concerns them) 规定适用于某人/某事物 nEveryone thinks that the rule doesn’t apply to them. play by the rules (=do what is expected and agreed) 依规定行事 nThe system works well enough — as long as everyone plays by the rules. bend/stretch the rules (=allow someone to do something that is not normally allowed) 放松规定，通融 nThey bend the rules to suit themselves. relax the rules (=make them less strict) 放宽规定 nBritain relaxed its immigration rules. tighten (up) the rules (=make them stricter) 收紧规定 nThe EU has tightened the rules on the quality of drinking water. enforce a rule (=make sure that it is obeyed) 实施规定 nThe planning office does not always enforce its own rules. nflout a rule (=break it, without trying to hide what you are doing) The party continues to flout its own rules. nbe bound by rules (=have to obey them) ADJECTIVES/NOUN + ruleSolicitors are bound by strict rules that regulate their professional conduct. strict 严格的 They have very strict rules about gambling. 对于赌博，他们有严格的规定。 simple 简单的 The rules of the game are quite simple. 这一游戏的规则很简单。 petty (=unreasonable rules about unimportant things) 琐碎的 There are hundreds of petty rules. 有几百条琐碎的规定。 a school/prison/club etc rule 学校/监狱/俱乐部等规章 He had broken one of the school rules. 他违反了一条校规。 an unwritten rule (=a rule of behaviour that everyone in a group understands) 不成文的规定 nThere’s an unwritten rule that you never call an actor before 10 a.m. nhealth and safety rules phrasesYou should follow any health and safety rules which apply to your workplace. be against the rules (=not be allowed) 违反规定 It was against the rules to talk in class. 在课堂上讲话是不守规矩。 the rules concerning/governing/relating to something formal (=the rules about something) 某事物的规定 the rules governing food labeling 食品标签规定 a change in the rules 规则的变化 nI didn’t realise that there had been a change in the rules. na breach of the rules formal (=something that is against the rules) a serious breach of the rules rules and regulations 规章制度 nThe government keeps introducing more and more rules and regulations. rules are rules spoken (=a rule must be obeyed) 规定就是规定 nRules are rules and you have to abide by them. THESAURUS rule an instruction that says what people are allowed to do or not allowed to do, for example in a game, school, or company 〔游戏、学校或公司等的〕规则；章程；规定 the rules of baseball 棒球规则 He disobeyed the school rules. 他不遵守校规。 law an official rule that everyone in a country, city, or state must obey 〔国家、城市或州的〕法律；法规 It is against the law to carry a concealed weapon. 携带秘密武器是违法的。 nThe law requires motorcyclists to wear helmets. regulation an official rule or order, which is part of a set of rules made by a government or organization 〔政府或机构制定的〕规章；条例 the regulations for applying for a passport 申领护照之规定 building regulations 建筑规定 nenvironmental regulations on air pollution restriction an official rule that limits what people can do 限制规定 new restrictions on immigration 新的移民限制规定 The government is planning to impose regulations on the amount of alcohol you can bring into the country. 政府正计划对可携带入境的酒品数量实行限制。 guidelines rules or instructions about the best way to do something 指导原则；准则 the Department of Health’s guidelines for a healthy diet 卫生部健康饮食准则 nguidelines for classroom teachers code a set of rules that people or organizations agree to obey but are not forced to obey 行为规范 The school has a dress code for its students. 那所学校有学生着装规定。 the company’s code of conduct 公司的行为准则 statute formal a law that has been officially approved by a parliament, council etc, and written down 法令；成文法 The statute banned corporal punishment. 这条法令禁止体罚。 nordinance American EnglishAmE a law, made by a city or town, that forbids or restricts an activity A local ordinance limited speed in the parks to ten miles an hour. Examples from the Corpus rule• So break any rules you please.• The resultant grammar contained 3527 basic rules which were converted and extended to a set of 200,000 rules.• British rule in India came to an end in 1947.• Clear rules, fairly and consistently applied, are fundamental to all forms of punishment.• Late in 1991, Communist rule ended in Russia.• No one's allowed to ride with the driver. That's a company rule.• Legal advice must be taken to ascertain the exact rules and how they are applied.• These are just guidelines, not hard and fast rules.• For many years Algeria was under French rule.• In the next section we will also discuss the loss of a morphological rule that created causative verbs from adjectives.• In general, two kinds of rule will be considered - first, rules of interpretation and second, prescriptive rules.• It is strictly against the rules for athletes to take drugs.• What are the rules of the game?• I have no sympathy for Jonson. He broke the rules and got caught, that's all.• There have been some changes in the rules governing the use of safety equipment.• It says in the rules that every child has to wear school uniform.• Sparky is a manufacturer within the rule and Pyro and Nancy are consumers.• the rules of etiquette• The rules of grammar in French are very complex.• We can, however, instantly recognize the actual instances where rules are broken. The rule is• The words for his own purposes will be discussed later. The rule is not confined to the case of adjacent freeholders. exception ... rule• There are exceptions to the rules of party apprenticeship and nepotism.• There are two particular exceptions to this rule, i.e. where the signer will not be bound by his signature.• Humanity is a startling exception to this rule.• Over the years, however, such dramatic action proved to be the exception rather than the rule.• His route is the exception to the rule nowadays.• The two exceptions prove the rule. majority rule• Many reject democracy in terms of party competition, majority rule and the rule of law.• In these weeks, I have had the chance to listen to Joshua Nkomo calling for majority rule now.• Is majority rule under a system of parliamentary democracy a sufficient guarantee of legitimacy?• In the case of spending and tax legislation, majority rule is thus further weakened.• Two working conclusions follow from this, namely, toleration and the qualification of majority rule.• Those who peopled them have either been driven out in a bloody liberation war or yielded their political supremacy to majority rule.• South Africa has made a somewhat peaceful transition to majority rule.• While majority rules in Fed decisions, the chairman carries a lot of weight. Law rule2 ●●● W2 verb 1 government 政府 [intransitiveI, transitiveT]GOVERENMENT to have the official power to control a country and the people who live there 统治，治理 → govern Queen Victoria ruled England for 64 years. 维多利亚女王统治英格兰64年。 African tribal societies were traditionally ruled by a council of elders. 非洲部落社会传统上由长老会统治。 rule over Alexander the Great ruled over a huge empire. 亚历山大大帝统治一个庞大的帝国。 He announced that henceforth he would rule by decree (=make all the important decisions himself). ► see thesaurus at control 他宣布他将从此实行专制统治。 2 control/influence 控制/影响 [transitiveT]CONTROL if a feeling or desire rules someone, it has a powerful and controlling influence on their actions 〔情感或欲望〕控制，支配 the passion for power and success which rules her life 支配着她生活的对权力和成功的强烈渴望 3 court/law 法庭/法律 [intransitiveI always + adverbadv/prepositionprep, transitiveT]SCT to make an official decision about something, especially a legal problem 判定，裁定〔尤指法律问题〕 → decree rule that The judge ruled that she should have custody of the children. 法官判定孩子的监护权归她。 rule on The Supreme Court has yet to rule on the case. 最高法院尚未裁定此案。 rule in favour of/against somebody/something The tribunal ruled in her favour. 特别法庭作出了有利于她的裁决。 be ruled illegal/unlawful etc → ruling1 This part of the bill was ruled unconstitutional. 法案的这部分内容被判定违反宪法。 4 rule the roost informalPOWER to be the most powerful person in a group 当家做主，支配一切 His wife rules the roost in their house. 他们家里他妻子说了算。 Examples from the Corpus rule the roost• Alongside the State, they continued to rule the roost.• But it was those two who ruled the roost.• Effective discipline is neither harsh nor does it allow the child to rule the roost.• I kind of ruled the roost a bit, but we got on well.• Amanda pretty much rules the roost in that house.• But Mr Norman rules the roost in the film field with a regular 4 million audience, twice the weekly cinema audience.• Political expediency, political vengeance still rule the roost, not only in waterfowl jobs but throughout the establishment.• The late 1960s and early 1970s saw Lee Trevino ruling the roost on both sides of the Pond.• The mid-fielders ruled the roost up to the interval, but after a scoreless first half the Antrim team showed great dominance. 5 rule somebody/something with a rod of iron also rule somebody with an iron fist/handCONTROL to control a group of people in a very severe way 对某人/某事物实行严酷的高压统治 Although he was a fair man, he ruled us with an iron fist. 虽然他是个正直的人，但他对我们实行高压管理。 6 somebody/something rules BEST informal used to say that the team, school, place etc mentioned is better than any other 某人/某事物最好〔指球队、学校、地方等〕 Arsenal rules OK. British EnglishBrE 阿森纳队必胜。 graffiti saying ‘Poheny High rules’ 写着“波黑尼高中最棒”的涂鸦 Examples from the Corpus somebody/something rules• In football, Jefferson High rules! 7 draw a line 划线 [transitiveT]LINE to draw a line using a ruler or other straight edge 〔用尺子等〕画〔线〕 Rule a line under each answer. 在每个答案下面画一条线。 8 rule something/somebody ↔ out phrasal verbphr v → overrule, → let your heart rule your head at heart1(2)a) IMPOSSIBLEto decide that something is not possible or suitable 排除；拒绝考虑 The police have ruled out suicide. 警方已经排除了自杀的可能。 She has refused to rule out the possibility of singing again. 在是否再唱歌的问题上，她给自己留下了回旋余地。 b) IMPOSSIBLEto make it impossible for something to happen 使〔某事〕不可能发生 The mountainous terrain rules out most forms of agriculture. 多山的地形使大多数农耕形式都无法采用。 c) to state that someone will not be able to take part in a sports event 表示〔某人〕无法参加比赛 of He has been ruled out of the match with a knee injury. 他因膝伤无法参赛。 Examples from the Corpus rule out• Bernie said my sciatica would play me up and rule me out.• But still, he couldn't rule her out.• For all his talent, his faintly sinister appearance ruled him out.• Player-manager Francis has aggravated a groin problem and has ruled himself out.• There are, I suppose, two simple rules about reversing out.• Among the few exceptions to this rule he singles out Lavinia Greenlaw, John Updike and John Frederick Mins.• But the ban remained - and it took effect from Thursday, ruling him out of Sunday's races.• This does not mean he can get Colin Powell; the general seems to have ruled himself out of the running. rule out the possibility• They said they could not rule out the possibility of further blockades in January.• McCormick would not rule out the possibility of making a bid for the business.• While it appeared likely the abortion clinic was the target, authorities would not rule out the possibility of other motives.• Police ruled out the possibility of sabotage.• But it did not at all rule out the possibility of these laws being enunciated by an enlightened monarch.• However, one can not rule out the possibility that certain other new parties may appear.• Detectives still haven't ruled out the possibility that she was abducted.• However, Bantle would not rule out the possibility that the mission could be cut short if the system is not repaired. rule of• But the ban remained-and it took effect from Thursday, ruling him out of Sunday's races.• This does not mean he can get Colin Powell; the general seems to have ruled himself out of the running. Examples from the Corpus rule• Anybody who could sew had a collection on show and fashion ruled.• Ashley's life was ruled by her addiction to drugs.• At that time, Persia was divided into several provinces, ruled by local khans.• They were ruled by powerful clans.• In 1860, Italy was a collection of small states ruled by princes and dukes.• India was ruled by the British for a very long time.• The Pol Pot regime ruled Cambodia from 1974 to 1978.• Henry VIII ruled England from 1509 to 1547.• Mary, Queen of Scots, only ruled for six years.• Golding said that, before she reaches any conclusions, she wants a full briefing on the court ruling from Gwinn.• Paper ruled into one-inch squares is used to practice writing Chinese characters.• Speculation that the Dolphin Centre could be used has been ruled out by Mr Boyle who says it would be too expensive.• This does not rule out evolution by mutation and selection.• Why weren't they ruled out of order before they transgressed?• Spain ruled over Portugal from 1580 to 1640.• Motamid had died, leaving his son Mostain to rule over Saragossa.• Voting six to three, the court ruled that this ultimate threat violated states' rights.• While they ruled, the country remained isolated from the rest of the world.• The Medical Examiner's office ruled the death a murder.• Marcos ruled the Philippines for 20 years.• He ruled three lines under the title of his essay.• She divided the page into four by ruling two diagonal lines across it. rule by decree• Article 38 permits the government to rule by decree.• The powers allow it to rule by decree and declare a state of war.• Mr Gorbachev may well use his powers to rule by decree to push the reform through. rules ... life• Their torment is kept hidden, but rules their lives. be ruled illegal/unlawful etc• Publicly the banks have suggested that there could be dire consequences for the City should the deals be ruled illegal.• A further 40,000 boat people still waiting to be screened will almost certainly be ruled illegal as well. From Longman Business Dictionary rulerule1 /ruːl/ noun 1[countableC] an official instruction that says how things should be done or what is allowed The phone companies are working under new rules now. The company broke government rules to undercut other bids. company rules and regulations regarding sexual harassment → see also Hague Rules2[uncountableU] the government of a country by a particular group of people or using a particular system a constitution that formally ended one-party rule 3work to ruleHUMAN RESOURCES to work less quickly or effectively than usual, but without breaking your employer’s rules, as a protest The customs men are prohibited from striking, but some have worked to rule out of sympathy with the government workers. 4be the rule to be the normal or usual thing to happen in a situation Monopoly business practices are the rule here and not the exception. rulerule2 verb [intransitiveI, transitiveT] 1to have the official power to control a country or organization a country that has been ruled by a dictator for three decades Each bank would be ruled by a mix of outside directors. 2LAWto make an official decision about something, especially a legal problem rule (that) The board ruled that the contract was valid and should be honored. rule against The court had ruled against the use of any unpublished works. rule in favour of a court decision to rule in favour of the company → rule something → out (1200-1300) Old French reule, from Latin regula; → REGULAR1 |
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