back

Word family adjectivebackedbacklessbackmostbackwardbackward-lookingbackbonedbackbonelessbackbreakingback-burnerbackdoorbackfieldbackhandedbackroombackstagebackstartingnounbackerbackingbackwardationbackwardnessbackachebackbandbackbeatbackbencherbackbiterbackbitingbackboardbackbonebackbreakerbackchatbackcourtback doorbackfallbackfilebackfillbackfillingbackfirebackfittingbackflipbackgroundbackhandbackhoebacklandbacklashbackletterbackliftbacklistbacklogbacklotbackmarkerbackpackbackpackerbackpackingbackpiecebacksawbackscatterbackscratcherbackscratchingbacksetbackseybacksidebacksightbackslashbacksliderbackslidingbackspinbackstabbingbackstabberbackstairsbackstallbackstaysbackstitchbackstopback storybackstreetbackstrokebackswimmerbackswingbackswordbackswordmanbacktrackingbackupbackveldbackvelderbackwashbackwaterbackwoodsbackwoodsmanbackwordbackworkbackworkerbackyardbackbacketadverbbackwardlybackwardsverbbackbitebackcastbackscratchbackslidebackspacebackspeirbacktrack

back1 /bæk/ S1 W1 adverbadv

1 return to place 回原处RETURNRETURN in, into, or to the place or position where someone or something was before 回到原处

I’ll be back in a minute.

我马上回来。

Put that book back where you found it!

把那本书放回原处！

back in/to/into etc

Rory plugged the cable back into the socket.

罗里把缆线插回插座。

I feel like going back to bed.

我想回去睡觉。

go/get/head etc back

We ought to try and get back before it gets dark.

我们应该尽量在天黑之前回去。

He was back home by half past eleven.

他是11点半之前回家的。

It’s possible to travel there and back in a day.

到那里一天来回是可以的。

n Grammar

You go back to a place:

We decided to go back to Athens.

I’m going back to school tomorrow.

You go back home:

It’s time to go back home.

✗Don’t say: go back to home

2 AS BEFOREPASTas before 和以前一样 in or into the condition or situation you were in before 恢复原状

Gary woke at 4 am and couldn’t get back to sleep.

加里凌晨4点钟醒来后就再也睡不着了。

It took me a long time to get my confidence back.

过了很久我才找回自信。

If you decide to marry him, there will be no going back (=you will not be able to get back to your previous situation).

你要是决定嫁给他，就没有回头路可走了。

go/get back to (doing) something

There’s no way I’m going back to being poor.

我无论如何都不会让自己再过穷日子。

It’ll take a while for things to get back to normal.

要过一阵子才能恢复正常。

3 HOME TOWNTOWNprevious place 以前的地方 in or to a place where you lived or worked before 在以前的地方；回到以前的地方

back in/at

She was the one who had fired him from his first job back in South Africa.

她就是以前在南非的时候炒他鱿鱼、使他失去第一份工作的人。

back home (=in the place that you come from and think of as your home) 以前在老家

It reminded me of evenings back home.

这让我想起了以前晚上在老家的时候。

4 NOT FORWARDSBEHINDbackwards 向后面 in the opposite direction from the way you are facing 向后面；在后面 OPP forwards

He glanced back at the house.

他回头看了一眼那房子。

Kirov stepped back a pace.

基洛夫往后退了一步。

She tilted her head back to look at him.

她仰起头来看着他。

5 REPLYANSWER/REPLYreply/reaction 回答/回应 if you do something back, you do it as a reply or reaction to what someone has said or done 回复，回应

Can I call you back later?

我稍后再给你回电话好吗？

I’ll pay you back on Friday.

我星期五还钱给你。

‘No, thanks!’ he shouted back.

“不用了，谢谢！”他大声地回答。

If he hits you, you just hit him back.

如果他打你，你就还手打他。

6 return STH to SB 把某物还给某人 if you give something, get something etc back, you return it to the person who first had it, or you have it returned to you 归还；取回

Can we have our ball back, please?

可以把球还给我们吗？

I want all my books back as soon as you’ve finished with them.

你看完书之后马上全部还给我。

Give me back that letter! It’s none of your business!

把那封信还给我！跟你无关！

7 THE PASTPASTin the past 在过去 in or towards a time in the past 以前，从前，过去；追溯至

a pile of newspapers dating back to the 1970s

一堆20世纪70年代的报纸

A lot of emotional problems can be traced back to childhood.

许多情感问题都可以追溯到童年时期。

Looking back on it, I should have known he was unhappy.

现在回想起来，我早该知道他当时并不开心。

At times, I think back to my life in Moscow.

有时候我会回想起我在莫斯科的生活。

back in

The house was built back in 1235.

这房子始建于1235年。

three years/two months etc back (=three years etc ago) 三年/两个月等之前

His wife died a couple of years back.

他妻子几年前过世了。

He called me a while back.

他刚才打电话给我了。

8 AGAINagain 再次 once again 再次，又一次

Go back over your work to check for any mistakes.

检查一遍你的作业有没有错误。

Liverpool were back level again two minutes later with a superb goal.

两分钟以后，利物浦队一记精彩的进球将比分再次扳平。

9 sit/lie/lean back RELAXEDto sit or lie in a comfortable relaxed way 舒舒服服地坐/躺/倚着

Sit back, relax, and enjoy the show!

坐好，放松，好好欣赏节目吧！

Examples from the Corpus

sit/lie/lean back• Whatever some think, we don't sit back.• He must generate all his own internal discipline against the possible inclination to lie back and enjoy his good fortune.• We started to sit back because we were up on the No. 1 team in the nation.• He walked without hesitation to the very front row, sat down and lay back, gazing up at the screen.• Craig sighed and leaned back in his chair.• But no one can sit back in investment clubs and just listen.• Then she lay back on her pillow and they looked at each other as if it was for the first time.• He sat back on his heels, sorrowfully examining the ruined glove.• She heard him returning just as she sat back to admire her handiwork.

10 AWAY FROM somethingMOVE something OR somebodyaway 离开 away from a surface, person, or thing 离开〔某个表面、人或物〕

She pulled the bandage back very carefully.

她非常小心地拉开绷带。

Her hair was brushed back from her face.

她的头发往后梳着。

The woman nodded and stood back, allowing Patrick to enter.

那女人点点头，退后让帕特里克进去。

11 back and forth MOVE something OR somebodygoing in one direction and then in the opposite direction, and repeating this several times 来回地

We travel back and forth all the time between Canada and England.

我们一直是在加拿大和英格兰之间来回跑。

He was pacing back and forth.

他在来回踱步。

Examples from the Corpus

back and forth• The chair squeaks when you rock back and forth.• They passed it back and forth.• This gives you the freedom to move back and forth and swing your arm - you must feel free!• To switch back and forth between the two documents, press Shift-F3.• My feet hurt, and the side window waggled back and forth each time I kicked it, but nothing else happened.• A few of the mounts shifted their feet; here and there a rider slid his sword back and forth in its scabbard.• It goes back and forth though.• Petey heard him trying to brave it out, rocking back and forth to make the pain subside.• The road twisted, two lanes of blacktop angling back and forth up the side of the mountain.• Brach flies back and forth weekly, between New York and L.A.

12 BOOKTOWARDStowards beginning 往开始的地方 towards the beginning of a book, film, or computer document etc 往前，往回

Turn back to the summaries at the end of section 1.5.

回到前面1.5节最后的总结。

Clicking on the icon will take you back to the previous web page.

点击这个图标可以回到前一网页。

Wind the tape back to the beginning.

把磁带倒回到最前面。

Examples from the Corpus

back• If a starfish loses a leg, it grows back.• If Jamie rings, tell him I'll call him back.• That's mine! Give it back!• Gradually, the children came trickling back.• It took me a year and a half to come back.• I left a message, but I haven't heard anything back.• Then she turns on her heel, comes back, and demands to know why N J stood her up.• He stepped back and fell.• Michelle looked back at him over her shoulder and smiled.• I was making $15 an hour back at the hospital.• Some time during the afternoon they decided not to go back but to stay overnight.• Play the tape back for me, okay?• Carol yelled back, "If it's so easy, you come and have a go!''• He'd tried to study it back in the Store.• I should be back in time for dinner.• Can you call me back later?• I lay back like a king lion and let her romp.• He was too wet and cold to think about going back out into the rain.• He looked back over his shoulder.• She left home in 1995 and hasn't been back since.• It helps when I have the option to go back to defense.• I stepped back to let them pass.• I woke up at 4 a.m. and couldn't get back to sleep.• It was a beautiful day, so I decided to walk back to the office.• It's time I got back to work.• I'll have to get back to you on that.• Do you think Ron and his wife will get back together?• I'll check back with you sometime next week.

there and back• "How far is it to Milwaukee?" "It's about 30 miles there and back."• How long will it take to drive there and back?• It only takes four hours, there and back.• About eighty miles up there and back?• Besides, she would not be alone - only on the journey there and back.• I ran all the way there and back.• It took me no more than five minutes there and back.• In six months, could both passages, there and back, be effected?• To climb up to it takes time nine or ten hours to get there and back - but no special skill or nerve.• Air transport there and back guaranteed: same day.• What they called married back there and back then.

go/get back to (doing) something• He wouldn't go back to bed.• Then Leo went back to Harvard.• He went back to his room and closed the door.• The company has had to go back to its pre-poll tax database, known as the Historic Voters Roll.• All they seemed interested in was guzzling platefuls of sausages and going back to the counter for more.• I can't get back to the garret until tomorrow.• No, don't go back to the house, Jane, on such a lovely night.

back home• A fantasy, but a lovely one, and one that she would miss when she went back home.• He's glad to be back home.• He would tell Odysseus how to get back home.• The Plot Every day, Johnny took his three goats to pasture and then back home.• She had graduated from a Lutheran Bible college back home, and at one time she had seriously considered becoming a nun.• I was hoping there was, cos it's about time I got back home - it's getting pretty late.• He was back home, showered, changed and in bed by eleven forty-five.• They are moving back home to Arizona, back home to Oregon, back home to Tennessee.

a while back• But I think you were right, a while back.• He did mention it a while back.• I should have transferred to pastoral a while back.• Worse than that, in a way, was the butter one a while back.• You were icy a while back.

Related topics: Human, Furniture, Newspapers, printing, publishing, Sport

back2 S1 W1 noun [countableC]

1 BODYpart of your body 身体部位

a) HBHHBAthe part of the body between the neck and legs, on the opposite side to the stomach and chest 背部，背脊，后背

The cat arched its back and hissed.

那只猫拱起背发出嘶嘶的声音。

My feet were sore and my back was aching.

我脚酸背痛。

Keep your head up and your back straight.

抬起头，挺直背。

To avoid back problems, always bend your knees when you lift heavy objects.

为防止背部出现问题，提重物时一定要曲膝。

He lay on his back and gazed at the ceiling.

他仰面躺着，眼睛盯着天花板。

Johnny was lying flat on his back in the middle of the floor.

約翰尼正仰面直直地躺在地板中央。

Anna stood with her back to the window.

安娜背对窗站着。

on somebody’s back (=carried on someone’s back) 某人背上背着

The girl appeared again, now with a little baby on her back.

那女孩又来了，这次背上背了一个小婴孩。

b) the bones between your neck and the top of your legs 脊骨，脊柱 SYN spine

He broke his back in a motorbike accident.

他在一次摩托车事故中摔断了脊梁骨。

2 PARTBACK OF somethingnot at front 不在前面 [usually singular] the part of something that is furthest from the front 后面，后部 OPP front

a T-shirt with a picture of a snake on the back

后背印了一条蛇的T恤衫

back of

He kissed her on the back of her head.

他在她后脑勺上亲了一下。

Her window faced the backs of the houses.

她的窗户对着这些房屋的后面。

in the back (of something) (=used especially about the back of a vehicle) 在（某物）后部〔尤指车辆〕

Two men were sitting in the back of the car.

两名男子坐在汽车的后排。

at the back (of something)

a small shop with an office at the back

后面有一间办公室的小商店

in back (of something) American EnglishAmE (=in or at the back of something) 在（某物）后部

Kids should always wear seat belts, even in back.

小孩子每次都应该系安全带，即使是坐在后排位置。

out back American EnglishAmE (=behind a house or other building) 在房屋[建筑物]的后面

Tom’s working on the car out back.

汤姆在屋后弄汽车。

round/out the back British EnglishBrE (=behind a house or building) 在房屋[建筑物]的后面

Have you looked round the back?

房子后面找过了没有？

3 SURFACEBACK OF somethingless important side 较为不重要的一面 [usually singular] the less important side or surface of something such as a piece of paper or card 〔纸或纸牌等的〕背面，反面 OPP front

Paul scribbled his address on the back of an envelope.

保罗把他的地址草草地写在一个信封的背面。

The credits are listed on the back of the album.

制作人员名单列在专辑的背面。

4 CHAIRDHFBACK OF somethingpart of seat 座椅的一部分 the part of a seat that you lean against when you are sitting 椅背，靠背

back of

He rested his arm on the back of the sofa.

他把胳膊搭在沙发的靠背上。

5 BOOK/NEWSPAPERTCNBACK OF somethingbook/newspaper 书/报纸 [usually singular] the last pages of a book or newspaper 〔书报的〕末尾 OPP front

at the back (of)

The sports pages are usually at the back.

体育版通常在最后。

in the back (of)

The answers are in the back of the book.

答案列在书后。

6 at/in the back of your mind THINK ABOUTa thought that is at the back of your mind is one you try to ignore because you do not want it to be true 在内心里〔指不希望某个想法是真实的〕

At the back of her mind was the thought that he might be with someone else.

她内心里觉得说不定他是和别的什么人在一起呢。

put/push something to the back of your mind

He tried to push these uncomfortable thoughts to the back of his mind.

他尽量把这些不安的念头抛诸脑后。

Examples from the Corpus

at/in the back of your mind• There was always a slight feeling of fear at the back of his mind.• I was hurt that she'd left, but I guess at the back of my mind I always knew she would.

7 back to back

a) BACK OF somethingwith the backs towards each other 背靠背

Stand back to back and we’ll see who’s tallest.

背靠背站好，我们来看看谁个子最高。

b) SERIEShappening immediately one after the other 一个接一个的，连续发生的

5 a couple of back-to-back wins for the team

球队一场接一场的胜利

n He performed up to three times a day, often back to back.

→ back-to-back1

Examples from the Corpus

back to back• Two rows of chairs were arranged back to back.• Two sofas placed back to back in the centre of a space can often define the divisions of space very well.• We did three performances back to back that day.• His first interview recently was at 8 a. m. and his appointments were scheduled back to back until midnight.• His life is an endless stream of interviews and news conferences, often back to back.• Orlando and Vancouver, back to back.• The other three will be placed back to back with them inside.• The three nomes stood back to back.• They were astride a single horse, tied back to back, being led along a skyline by the sheriff's posse.• This idea works well using such designs as L-shapes, placed back to back to resemble book ends.

8 back to front British EnglishBrE

a) in an incorrect position so that what should be at the back is at the front 前后倒置地

You’ve got your sweater on back to front.

你把毛衣前后穿反了。

b) doing something the wrong way round and starting with the part that should be at the end 顺序颠倒地

He got the commands back to front and the program didn’t work.

他把指令颠倒了，程序没有运行。

Examples from the Corpus

back to front• Dan appeared in jeans, wearing his cap backward as usual.• The crowd was crammed shoulder to shoulder and back to front on the shrinking piece of roadway.• It was all wrong and back to front, but no one could say the old baggage lacked for courage.• But supposing X-rays were normally displayed back to front or the way one looked at the person?• I had an arrow right through my body from back to front somewhere in the region of my lower ribs.• Row 1: Bring needle from back to front of work through the stitch below the first stitch to be worked.• They're boys' hips, girls' hips, front to front, back to front.• You've got your sweater on back to front.• And can you fool them, by planting them back to front?• Papers are missing from each and the sheets inside have been turned back to front, and at angles.

9 behind somebody’s back SECRETif you do something behind someone’s back, you do it without them knowing 在某人背后，背地里

I don’t like the idea of the two of them talking about me behind my back.

我不喜欢他们俩在背后议论我。

I should have realized that he’d go behind my back (=do something without telling me).

我早该想到，他会背着我去干的。

Examples from the Corpus

behind somebody’s back• I'm not happy about you going behind my back like that. You should have told me.• People laughed at him behind his back.• He agrees with his boss to his face, but then criticizes him behind his back.• I'm sure the other girls are talking about me behind my back.• I thought you were my friend. Now I find you've been talking about me behind my back.• His name is Mr McLeod, but his students call him "Big Nose'' behind his back.• Do you think people are talking about you behind your back?

10 when/while somebody’s back is turned if something happens when your back is turned, it happens when you are not able to see or know what someone is doing 在某人转身的时候〔指在看不见或不知道的时候〕

What are your kids up to when your back is turned?

你的孩子在你不知道的时候会搞些什么鬼？

Examples from the Corpus

when/while somebody’s back is turned• Once, despite the age requirement, my sister charms her way on to this ride while my back is turned.

11 get/put somebody’s back up British EnglishBrE informalANNOY to annoy someone 使某人生气，使某人产生反感，惹怒某人

Simone was the kind of person who was always putting people’s backs up.

西蒙娜是那种老是惹人生气的人。

Examples from the Corpus

get/put somebody’s back up• At Eagle Butte I stopped and got a clamp, got the pipe back up there some way.• She'd even got Bert's back up proper, over his betting and poor old Floss.• He treats everyone like children, and that's why he puts people's backs up.• Simon naturally put people's backs up.• It really gets my back up when salesmen call round to the house.• You got to get back up.• He had been around the scene for long enough to know how to manipulate meetings without getting everyone's back up.• If you get his/her back up, even if you're right, you're dead!

12 get (somebody) off somebody’s back spokenANNOY to stop annoying someone with a lot of questions, criticisms etc, or to make someone stop annoying you in this way （使某人）不烦扰某人

Maybe the only way to get him off my back is to tell him the truth.

也许，要他不来烦我，唯一的办法就是告诉他实话。

Do me a favour and get off my back!

劳驾，别烦我好不好！

Examples from the Corpus

get off my back• Why don't you guys get off my back?• I'll do it in a minute. Just get off my back!• For the love of Mike, Candy, will you please get off my back about Adam Burns?

13 be on somebody’s back spokenFORCE somebody TO DO something to be trying to make someone do something they do not want to do 逼某人做，硬要某人做

Why are you and Dad always on my back?

你和爸爸为什么总是要逼着我干这干那？

Examples from the Corpus

be on somebody’s back• Aunt Mimi was always on his back about him "wasting time playing that silly guitar".• Nick knew that the coach would be on his back if he missed another training session.• He must be on his way back by now.• His father was on his back night and day.• By this time the Confederates had formed into columns and were on the march back to Corinth, Mississippi.• Seeing that stately building on a hill and knowing the respirator center was on the back with the water view heartened me.• The boss has been on my back about that report.• Their other project, meanwhile, is on the back burner.• The afternoon papers are on the back seat and he reads them until the limousine stops in front of a funeral home.• Her eyes opened; she was on her back.• Instead of automated leisure, enforced unemployment was on its way back.

14 on the back of something as a result of something that already exists or something you have already done 由于某事物〔指已存在的某物或已做成的某事〕

The company should be able to generate business on the back of existing contracts.

依靠现有的这些合同，公司应该能开展业务。

Examples from the Corpus

on the back of something• It was strange to see his bag on the back of another caddie.• I feel moist breath on the back of my neck, and fingers touch my arm.• Captions Never write directly on the back of a photograph.• Mr Gregson took me home, jolting on the back of the wagon.• Somebody runs out of the crowd and hits Mowat on the back of the neck.• Clubs also look set to be given the option of having players' names on the back of their shirts.• Jack said, and he slapped Streeter on the back of the head with his gun hand.

15 on the backs of somebody using the work of a particular group to achieve something that they will not get any advantage from 依靠某人〔指依靠从中得不到好处的某一群体〕

Economic prosperity was won on the backs of the urban poor.

经济繁荣靠的是城市里的贫民。

Examples from the Corpus

on the backs of somebody• It is clearly unfair that so much tax in the Third World falls on the backs of those least able to pay.• For a while she stood next to the coal stove and warmed her hands on the backs of her legs.• The wood for the hedge arrived not on the backs of the hedge-builders but in the boot of their Ford Cortina.• Print your music on candy wrappers or on the backs of daguerreotypes.• He ignores the kids whose feet are propped on the backs of chairs.• In toads, for instance, the males sit on the backs of females for a few days before the female lays her eggs.• Palm trees sway on the backs of countless cotton shirts.• John Betjeman scribbled verses on the backs of envelopes and read them aloud in his car.

16. FOOTBALL ETCDSsports 体育运动 a defending player in a sports team 后卫 SYN defender

17 the back of beyond FAR informal a place that is a long way from other places and is difficult to get to 遥远偏僻的地方

It’s a nice little cottage but it really is in the back of beyond.

这小别墅不错，不过地方实在偏远。

Examples from the Corpus

the back of beyond• His early comedies might have been taken to represent an unheard-of civility from the back of beyond.• Whatever anyone says about muggings and suchlike up here, there'd be no one about at all in the back of beyond.• Larky jaunts to the back of beyond returned to fashion with the 1980s boom in travel writing.

18 be (flat) on your back

a) to be lying on your back – used to emphasize that someone seems unlikely to get up soon （直直地）仰卧〔用于强调某人一下子起不来〕

He was drunk and flat on his back on the street.

他喝醉了，直挺挺地仰卧在街头。

b) to be so ill that you cannot get out of bed 卧病在床

Their best player was flat on his back in hospital.

他们的最佳球员在医院里卧病不起。

c) if a business, country, economy etc is on its back, it is not successful 〔生意、国家、经济等〕不景气，疲弱

The UK market was flat on its back.

英国市场疲软。

Examples from the Corpus

be (flat) on your back• He's been flat on his back in the hospital for a week.• His father was on his back night and day.• The sun was on his back as he swung himself over her and her long legs parted in expectation.• What else would he need if he were going to be flat on his back or stomach?• The child was on her back, unconscious.• The jelly cupboard was on its back, its contents lying in a heap in the corner of the bottom shelf.• After I was on its back, we all took off again on a run.• The result is that the liter pop bottle you tossed out six months ago may be on your back today.• Her eyes opened; she was on her back.

19 put your back into it informalWORK HARD to work extremely hard at something 全力以赴，拼命

If we really put our backs into it, we could finish today.

如果我们加把劲，今天能干完。

Examples from the Corpus

put your back into it• Come on, John. Stop messing around and put your back into it!• I really put my back into it, you know?

20 be glad/delighted/pleased etc to see the back of somebody/something to be happy that someone is leaving or because you no longer have to deal with something 很高兴看到某人离开/某事结束

No, I’m not too upset that he left – in fact, I was glad to see the back of him.

才不呢，他走了我并不难过——其实我很高兴他走了。

I can’t wait to see the back of this project, I can tell you (=I will be happy when it ends).

说实话，我巴不得这个项目早点结束。

21. have your back to/against the wall informalDIFFICULT to be in a difficult situation with no choice about what to do 陷入绝境，被逼得走投无路

22 at your back

a) BEHINDbehind you 在…后面

They had the wind at their backs as they set off.

他们出发时顺风。

b) supporting you 支持

Caesar marched into Rome with an army at his back.

凯撒在军队的支持下长驱直入罗马。

Examples from the Corpus

at your back• She wants a phalanx of allies at her back before she climbs those stairs again.• Caesar marched into Rome with an army at his back.• The pub blazed at my back as I walked off.• She could tell this by looking at his back as he stood at the bar ordering more drinks.• When Schmidt tapped the chauffeur's arm, the man pressed a button that raised a glass panel at his back.• Run into the wind so it's at your back as you return.• She stared at his back view in exasperation.• Staring at his back, she tried to conjure up the image of him lover-like, tender, and failed.• I hear the whip at his back compelling him to shed his will, to stay in line.• He felt the wide gaze of the french windows at his back and the awareness put his timing out.

23. on your back informal not polite if someone achieves something on their back, they achieve it by having sex with someone 在床上搞定〔指通过与别人发生性关系而达到目的〕

Examples from the Corpus

on your back• He took Deianira on his back and in midstream insulted her.• For a lew moments I lay spread-eagled on my back, unable to change position.• Thousands of people have been practicing step aerobics, but over-enthusiasm could leave them flat on their backs.• It appears to be a board-room decision and not his so let's not get on his back too quick.• She lay on her back and laughed at the sky.• Forget Michelangelo, lying on his back high above the Sistine Chapel floor to paint his famous frescoes.• He lay grinning up at me on the water, spreadeagled on his back with his arms splayed.

24 high-backed/straight-backed/low-backed etc DHFBACK OF somethingwith a high, straight, low etc back 高背的/直背的/低背的等

a high-backed chair

高背椅

→ know something like the back of your hand at know1(3), → turn your back on somebody/something at turn1(7)

Examples from the Corpus

back• And lately, our defensive backs have responded with interceptions.• She had her hands tied behind her back.• The cat wanted her back rubbed.• Megan has some trouble with her back.• The autopsy report said Woldemariam was shot twice in the back.• Cashmere sports jackets hung on the back of their chairs, insurance against an encounter with air-conditioning.• What's written on the back?• The Leader and the thin man were seated on a pile of saddles and saddle-bags with their backs against the wall.• Martha came forward to help, and Miss Mary looked carefully at Colin's thin white back, up and down.

round/out the back• Anna did not go to the front door but round the back.• I moved through the kitchen, peering out the back door before I exited.• In the front door, with their nasty trunks probing into everything, and I shoo them out the back.• Mariana mimed a lean-to round the back.• The outbuilding used as a mortuary was round the back.• He went round the back of the house and inspected the incinerator, now full of partly glowing but mainly black ashes.• Fogarty finished his double rye and Jack swigged the last of his coffee royal, and they went out the back door.

in the back (of)• Michael kicked him in the back, the force of the blow sending Tommy across the dirt-strewn floor.• They argued, and Jimmy was slugged in the stomach, pushed to the ground and kicked in the back.• He puts me in the back seat with my coat over my knees.• You can get shot in the back.• Hector sits in the back seat of the front row, nearest the door.• He was shot twice in the back of the head while sitting in a cafe.• As he spoke a cab appeared, a grimy little robot jitney with the other Twin in the back.• They give a proud tour of the five-bedroom country home set way in the back of a gated development.

Related topics: Music, Gambling

back3 S2 W3 verb

1 SUPPORTsupport 支持 [transitiveT]SUPPORT A PERSON, GROUP, OR PLAN

a) to support someone or something, especially by giving them money or using your influence 资助；支持

The scheme has been backed by several major companies in the region.

这个计划得到了该地区几家大公司的资助。

Some suspected that the rebellion was backed and financed by the US.

有人怀疑那次叛乱有美国在背后支持并提供资金。

government-backed loans

政府担保的贷款

b) (also back up) to support an idea by providing facts, proof etc 支持，证明

His claims are not backed by any scientific evidence.

他的说法没有任何科学依据。

► see thesaurus at support

n Grammar

Back is usually passive in this meaning.

2 MOVE somebodymove backwards 向后移动 [intransitiveI always + adverbadv/prepositionprep, transitiveT]BACK/BACKWARDS to move backwards, or make someone or something move backwards （使）后退

back into/out of/away from etc

She backed into a doorway to let the crowds pass by.

她退到门口让人群过去。

back somebody into/towards/out of etc something

He began to back her towards the open door.

他开始逼着她朝开着的门退去。

back something into/towards/out of etc something

I backed the car into the garage.

我把汽车倒进车库。

3 BACK SURFACEput STH on the back 加背衬 [transitiveT]CSPUT to put a material or substance onto the back of something, in order to protect it or make it stronger 给…加背衬

The photograph is backed with cardboard.

在照片后面垫上硬纸板。

a plastic-backed shower curtain

衬有塑料的浴帘

n Grammar

Back is usually passive in this meaning.

4 BE BEHINDbe behind STH 在某物后面 [transitiveT]BACK OF something to be at the back of something or behind it 在…的后面

The Jandia Peninsula is a stretch of white sands backed by a mountain range.

汉迪亚半岛是一片依傍山脉的白色沙滩。

n Grammar

Back is usually passive in this meaning.

5 MUSICmusic 音乐 [transitiveT]APM to play or sing the music that supports the main singer or musician 伴奏；伴唱

They performed all their hits, backed by a 40-piece orchestra.

他们在一支40人乐队的伴奏下，演唱了他们所有的热门歌曲。

n Grammar

Back is usually passive in this meaning.

6. HORSE/DOG RACErisk money 下注 [transitiveT]DGG to risk money on whether a particular horse, dog, team etc wins something 下赌注于

7. back the wrong horse SUPPORT A PERSON, GROUP, OR PLANto support someone or something that is not successful 下错赌注，支持了输家

PHRASAL VERBS

8 back away phrasal verbphr v

a) BACK/BACKWARDSto move backwards and away from someone or something, especially because you are frightened 〔尤指因害怕而〕躲开，向后退，退缩

from

She backed away from the menacing look on his face.

他一脸凶相，吓得她直往后退。

b) STOP DOING somethingto stop supporting a plan or idea, or stop being involved in something 不再支持，逐渐退出

from

The government has backed away from its nuclear weapons strategy.

政府已经放弃核武器战略。

Examples from the Corpus

back away• "Are you crazy?'' she cried, backing away.• Anxiety and worry may inhibit parents from willingly backing away.• Moving into a situation is usually less tiring than backing away.• Then I slowly stand up, and they see the length of me and back away.• Then, perhaps feeling that his gesture was mawkish, he looked embarrassed, took the flowers out and backed away.• Needless loss of life resulted from a policy that emphasized backing away from provocation and discouraging self-defense.• We slowly backed away from the rattlesnake.• He started to back away, just as he had when he saw my dad.• Alan had backed away until he'd felt the rubbery darkness looming behind him.

back from• This usually means the person making the statement has been offended and is backing away from a relationship with that person.• But lawmakers and health experts are already backing away from Bush's first steps toward overhauling federal health insurance.• She backed away from the big green car, all the while keeping her eyes on the man.• The tanks backed away from the fences, the crowds passed from the precipice of death to the summits of elation.• We slowly backed away from the rattlesnake.

9 back down phrasal verbphr v LOSE A GAME, COMPETITION, OR WARACCEPTto admit that you are wrong or that you have lost an argument 承认〔错误〕；退让；认输

Both sides have refused to back down.

双方都不肯退让。

Examples from the Corpus

back down• Even though it was obvious Emma's demands were unrealistic, she wouldn't back down.• Congress has backed down on its demand for an increase in defense spending.

10 back off phrasal verbphr v

a) BACK/BACKWARDSto move backwards, away from someone or something 退后，后退

She backed off and then turned and ran.

她一步一步往后退去，然后转身跑了。

b) FORCE somebody TO DO somethingto stop telling someone what to do, or stop criticizing them, especially so that they can deal with something themselves 放过，不去管〔某人〕

I think you should back off for a while.

我想你应该放手一阵子。

Back off, Marc! Let me run my own life!

走开点，马克！我的生活我自己来安排！

c) STOP DOING somethingto stop supporting something, or decide not to do something you were planning to do 退出，放弃

Jerry backed off when he realized how much work was involved.

杰里知道有多大的工作量之后，就放弃了。

from

The company has backed off from investing new money.

公司已不再投入新的资金。

Examples from the Corpus

back from• They then backed off from a confrontation but stopped talking.

11 back onto something phrasal verbphr v OPPOSITE/FACEif a building backs onto something, its back faces it 〔建筑物〕背靠，背对

The hotel backs onto St Mark’s Square.

这家宾馆背靠圣马可广场。

Examples from the Corpus

back onto • The development is sited three miles from Weston town centre and backs onto green belt land.• Burun had rocked back onto his heels.• He turned back onto his left.• Howard sinks back onto the day-bed.• I steered the car up the on-ramp back onto the freeway.• Wildfowlers would like to get redshanks back onto the list of birds which can be legally shot.• Coming off yet another knee injury, Masakayan took longer than usual to get back onto the sand.• Three were dragged back onto the train and taken by the scruff of the neck from station to police car.

12 back out phrasal verbphr v PROMISEto decide not to do something that you had promised to do 变卦，打退堂鼓；食言

It’s too late to back out now.

现在反悔已经太晚了。

After you’ve signed the contract, it will be impossible to back out.

签好合同之后你就不可以变卦了。

The government is trying to back out of its commitment to reduce pollution.

政府当初承诺减少污染，可现在又想打退堂鼓。

Examples from the Corpus

back of• Fitzsimmons said the Pistons backed out of both deals.• First, by minimizing conversion capital costs while backing out of expensive oil we conserve both capital and consumer resources.• By simply backing out of public provision, governments turn services over to the private market.• The king of Sicily backed out of the arrangement.• I backed out of the bathroom and closed the door.• The airline backed out of the deal.• Moscow had backed out of the deal.• I almost backed out of the race yesterday.• Tony got up and backed out of the room.

13 back up phrasal verbphr v

a) back somebody/something ↔ upPROVE to say or show that what someone is saying is true 证实某人的说法，为某人作证；证明某事

Jane would back me up if she were here.

要是简在这儿，她可以为我作证。

There’s no evidence to back up his accusations.

他的指控没有证据支持。

These theories have not been backed up by research.

这些理论尚未获得研究证实。

b) back somebody/something ↔ up to provide support or help for someone or something 支持[帮助]某人/某事

The plan’s success depends on how vigorously the UN will back it up with action.

这个计划成功与否，取决于联合国是否会积极采取行动予以支持。

The police officers are backed up by extra teams of people at the weekend.

到了周末，警察会有增派人员支援。

→ backup

c) TDto make a copy of information stored on a computer 〔在计算机上〕（给…）做备份

Make sure you back up.

你一定要做好备份。

back something ↔ up

These devices can back up the whole system.

这些装置可以为整个系统备份。

back something ↔ up onto something

5 Back all your files up onto floppy disks.

把你所有的文档都复制到软盘上去。

n Back all your files up onto a storage device or Cloud.

→ backup

d) TTC especially American EnglishAmE to make a vehicle move backwards 倒（车）

The truck stopped and then backed up.

卡车停下来，然后倒车。

back something ↔ up

I backed the car up a little.

我把汽车往后倒了一点。

e) BACK/BACKWARDSto move backwards 向后移动，往后退

Back up a bit so that everyone can see.

往后点让大家都能看得见。

→ backup

f) if traffic backs up, it forms a long line of vehicles that cannot move 〔车辆〕排起长队，堵塞

The traffic was starting to back up in both directions.

两个方向的车辆都开始排起了长龙。

g) if a toilet, sink etc backs up, it becomes blocked so that water cannot flow out of it 〔马桶、洗涤槽等〕堵塞

Examples from the Corpus

back up• The car stopped and then began to back up.• Back up a bit so that everyone can see.• Can you back up a few steps so that I can open the door?• Back the truck up a little more, will you?• Don't forget to back up all the new files you create.• When you write a history essay, you should back up all your points with facts.• I didn't back the document up and lost the whole lot.• Wright was accused of pretending to be injured, and this was backed up by video evidence.• Cindi backed up the car and stopped in front of the door.• They claim they can give us the best deal, but can they back this up with guarantees?

Examples from the Corpus

back• We backed a horse named Travelling Light that finished first at 10-1.• Uncle Barry backed Arsenal to win the FA Cup.• The stage was backed by a light blue curtain.• There is no known cure but the illness can be treated - by medication backed by practical and caring support.• The three tenors were backed by the Boston Philharmonic Orchestra.• The plans for a new shopping mall are backed by the city council.• The crime bill is backed by the Democrats.• In the end Krushchev backed down and everyone breathed a sigh of relief.• Which team did you back for the Super Bowl?• I wouldn't park there -- it's going to be very difficult to back out again.• I backed the car into the garage and walked round to the front door of the boarding house.• Several major insurance companies have agreed to back the healthcare reforms.• Morris carefully backed the truck into the shed.

back something into/towards/out of etc something• A pickup truck backs slowly out of a space and taps the bumper of a nearby minivan.• Angelita, announcing that she will be right back, walks out of the room.• He backed slowly out of the room, which had become hers.• She nods her head, steps back a step out of the way of him spreading toward her white shoes.• Then, without waiting for yes, no, or another bout of silence, he backed quickly out of the library.• They remained aloof from the front row out of disdain and from the back row out of a sense of responsibility.• You can back yourself out of the room that way.

词汇	back
释义	back Word family adjectivebackedbacklessbackmostbackwardbackward-lookingbackbonedbackbonelessbackbreakingback-burnerbackdoorbackfieldbackhandedbackroombackstagebackstartingnounbackerbackingbackwardationbackwardnessbackachebackbandbackbeatbackbencherbackbiterbackbitingbackboardbackbonebackbreakerbackchatbackcourtback doorbackfallbackfilebackfillbackfillingbackfirebackfittingbackflipbackgroundbackhandbackhoebacklandbacklashbackletterbackliftbacklistbacklogbacklotbackmarkerbackpackbackpackerbackpackingbackpiecebacksawbackscatterbackscratcherbackscratchingbacksetbackseybacksidebacksightbackslashbacksliderbackslidingbackspinbackstabbingbackstabberbackstairsbackstallbackstaysbackstitchbackstopback storybackstreetbackstrokebackswimmerbackswingbackswordbackswordmanbacktrackingbackupbackveldbackvelderbackwashbackwaterbackwoodsbackwoodsmanbackwordbackworkbackworkerbackyardbackbacketadverbbackwardlybackwardsverbbackbitebackcastbackscratchbackslidebackspacebackspeirbacktrack back1 /bæk/ ●●● S1 W1 adverbadv 1 return to place 回原处RETURNRETURN in, into, or to the place or position where someone or something was before 回到原处 I’ll be back in a minute. 我马上回来。 Put that book back where you found it! 把那本书放回原处！ back in/to/into etc Rory plugged the cable back into the socket. 罗里把缆线插回插座。 I feel like going back to bed. 我想回去睡觉。 go/get/head etc back We ought to try and get back before it gets dark. 我们应该尽量在天黑之前回去。 He was back home by half past eleven. 他是11点半之前回家的。 It’s possible to travel there and back in a day. 到那里一天来回是可以的。 n Grammar You go back to a place: We decided to go back to Athens. I’m going back to school tomorrow. You go back home: It’s time to go back home. ✗Don’t say: go back to home 2 AS BEFOREPASTas before 和以前一样 in or into the condition or situation you were in before 恢复原状 Gary woke at 4 am and couldn’t get back to sleep. 加里凌晨4点钟醒来后就再也睡不着了。 It took me a long time to get my confidence back. 过了很久我才找回自信。 If you decide to marry him, there will be no going back (=you will not be able to get back to your previous situation). 你要是决定嫁给他，就没有回头路可走了。 go/get back to (doing) something There’s no way I’m going back to being poor. 我无论如何都不会让自己再过穷日子。 It’ll take a while for things to get back to normal. 要过一阵子才能恢复正常。 3 HOME TOWNTOWNprevious place 以前的地方 in or to a place where you lived or worked before 在以前的地方；回到以前的地方 back in/at She was the one who had fired him from his first job back in South Africa. 她就是以前在南非的时候炒他鱿鱼、使他失去第一份工作的人。 back home (=in the place that you come from and think of as your home) 以前在老家 It reminded me of evenings back home. 这让我想起了以前晚上在老家的时候。 4 NOT FORWARDSBEHINDbackwards 向后面 in the opposite direction from the way you are facing 向后面；在后面 OPP forwards He glanced back at the house. 他回头看了一眼那房子。 Kirov stepped back a pace. 基洛夫往后退了一步。 She tilted her head back to look at him. 她仰起头来看着他。 5 REPLYANSWER/REPLYreply/reaction 回答/回应 if you do something back, you do it as a reply or reaction to what someone has said or done 回复，回应 Can I call you back later? 我稍后再给你回电话好吗？ I’ll pay you back on Friday. 我星期五还钱给你。 ‘No, thanks!’ he shouted back. “不用了，谢谢！”他大声地回答。 If he hits you, you just hit him back. 如果他打你，你就还手打他。 6 return STH to SB 把某物还给某人 if you give something, get something etc back, you return it to the person who first had it, or you have it returned to you 归还；取回 Can we have our ball back, please? 可以把球还给我们吗？ I want all my books back as soon as you’ve finished with them. 你看完书之后马上全部还给我。 Give me back that letter! It’s none of your business! 把那封信还给我！跟你无关！ 7 THE PASTPASTin the past 在过去 in or towards a time in the past 以前，从前，过去；追溯至 a pile of newspapers dating back to the 1970s 一堆20世纪70年代的报纸 A lot of emotional problems can be traced back to childhood. 许多情感问题都可以追溯到童年时期。 Looking back on it, I should have known he was unhappy. 现在回想起来，我早该知道他当时并不开心。 At times, I think back to my life in Moscow. 有时候我会回想起我在莫斯科的生活。 back in The house was built back in 1235. 这房子始建于1235年。 three years/two months etc back (=three years etc ago) 三年/两个月等之前 His wife died a couple of years back. 他妻子几年前过世了。 He called me a while back. 他刚才打电话给我了。 8 AGAINagain 再次 once again 再次，又一次 Go back over your work to check for any mistakes. 检查一遍你的作业有没有错误。 Liverpool were back level again two minutes later with a superb goal. 两分钟以后，利物浦队一记精彩的进球将比分再次扳平。 9 sit/lie/lean back RELAXEDto sit or lie in a comfortable relaxed way 舒舒服服地坐/躺/倚着 Sit back, relax, and enjoy the show! 坐好，放松，好好欣赏节目吧！ Examples from the Corpus sit/lie/lean back• Whatever some think, we don't sit back.• He must generate all his own internal discipline against the possible inclination to lie back and enjoy his good fortune.• We started to sit back because we were up on the No. 1 team in the nation.• He walked without hesitation to the very front row, sat down and lay back, gazing up at the screen.• Craig sighed and leaned back in his chair.• But no one can sit back in investment clubs and just listen.• Then she lay back on her pillow and they looked at each other as if it was for the first time.• He sat back on his heels, sorrowfully examining the ruined glove.• She heard him returning just as she sat back to admire her handiwork. 10 AWAY FROM somethingMOVE something OR somebodyaway 离开 away from a surface, person, or thing 离开〔某个表面、人或物〕 She pulled the bandage back very carefully. 她非常小心地拉开绷带。 Her hair was brushed back from her face. 她的头发往后梳着。 The woman nodded and stood back, allowing Patrick to enter. 那女人点点头，退后让帕特里克进去。 11 back and forth MOVE something OR somebodygoing in one direction and then in the opposite direction, and repeating this several times 来回地 We travel back and forth all the time between Canada and England. 我们一直是在加拿大和英格兰之间来回跑。 He was pacing back and forth. 他在来回踱步。 Examples from the Corpus back and forth• The chair squeaks when you rock back and forth.• They passed it back and forth.• This gives you the freedom to move back and forth and swing your arm - you must feel free!• To switch back and forth between the two documents, press Shift-F3.• My feet hurt, and the side window waggled back and forth each time I kicked it, but nothing else happened.• A few of the mounts shifted their feet; here and there a rider slid his sword back and forth in its scabbard.• It goes back and forth though.• Petey heard him trying to brave it out, rocking back and forth to make the pain subside.• The road twisted, two lanes of blacktop angling back and forth up the side of the mountain.• Brach flies back and forth weekly, between New York and L.A. 12 BOOKTOWARDStowards beginning 往开始的地方 towards the beginning of a book, film, or computer document etc 往前，往回 Turn back to the summaries at the end of section 1.5. 回到前面1.5节最后的总结。 Clicking on the icon will take you back to the previous web page. 点击这个图标可以回到前一网页。 Wind the tape back to the beginning. 把磁带倒回到最前面。 Examples from the Corpus back• If a starfish loses a leg, it grows back.• If Jamie rings, tell him I'll call him back.• That's mine! Give it back!• Gradually, the children came trickling back.• It took me a year and a half to come back.• I left a message, but I haven't heard anything back.• Then she turns on her heel, comes back, and demands to know why N J stood her up.• He stepped back and fell.• Michelle looked back at him over her shoulder and smiled.• I was making $15 an hour back at the hospital.• Some time during the afternoon they decided not to go back but to stay overnight.• Play the tape back for me, okay?• Carol yelled back, "If it's so easy, you come and have a go!''• He'd tried to study it back in the Store.• I should be back in time for dinner.• Can you call me back later?• I lay back like a king lion and let her romp.• He was too wet and cold to think about going back out into the rain.• He looked back over his shoulder.• She left home in 1995 and hasn't been back since.• It helps when I have the option to go back to defense.• I stepped back to let them pass.• I woke up at 4 a.m. and couldn't get back to sleep.• It was a beautiful day, so I decided to walk back to the office.• It's time I got back to work.• I'll have to get back to you on that.• Do you think Ron and his wife will get back together?• I'll check back with you sometime next week. there and back• "How far is it to Milwaukee?" "It's about 30 miles there and back."• How long will it take to drive there and back?• It only takes four hours, there and back.• About eighty miles up there and back?• Besides, she would not be alone - only on the journey there and back.• I ran all the way there and back.• It took me no more than five minutes there and back.• In six months, could both passages, there and back, be effected?• To climb up to it takes time nine or ten hours to get there and back - but no special skill or nerve.• Air transport there and back guaranteed: same day.• What they called married back there and back then. go/get back to (doing) something• He wouldn't go back to bed.• Then Leo went back to Harvard.• He went back to his room and closed the door.• The company has had to go back to its pre-poll tax database, known as the Historic Voters Roll.• All they seemed interested in was guzzling platefuls of sausages and going back to the counter for more.• I can't get back to the garret until tomorrow.• No, don't go back to the house, Jane, on such a lovely night. back home• A fantasy, but a lovely one, and one that she would miss when she went back home.• He's glad to be back home.• He would tell Odysseus how to get back home.• The Plot Every day, Johnny took his three goats to pasture and then back home.• She had graduated from a Lutheran Bible college back home, and at one time she had seriously considered becoming a nun.• I was hoping there was, cos it's about time I got back home - it's getting pretty late.• He was back home, showered, changed and in bed by eleven forty-five.• They are moving back home to Arizona, back home to Oregon, back home to Tennessee. a while back• But I think you were right, a while back.• He did mention it a while back.• I should have transferred to pastoral a while back.• Worse than that, in a way, was the butter one a while back.• You were icy a while back. Related topics: Human, Furniture, Newspapers, printing, publishing, Sport back2 ●●● S1 W1 noun [countableC] 1 BODYpart of your body 身体部位 a) HBHHBAthe part of the body between the neck and legs, on the opposite side to the stomach and chest 背部，背脊，后背 The cat arched its back and hissed. 那只猫拱起背发出嘶嘶的声音。 My feet were sore and my back was aching. 我脚酸背痛。 Keep your head up and your back straight. 抬起头，挺直背。 To avoid back problems, always bend your knees when you lift heavy objects. 为防止背部出现问题，提重物时一定要曲膝。 He lay on his back and gazed at the ceiling. 他仰面躺着，眼睛盯着天花板。 Johnny was lying flat on his back in the middle of the floor. 約翰尼正仰面直直地躺在地板中央。 Anna stood with her back to the window. 安娜背对窗站着。 on somebody’s back (=carried on someone’s back) 某人背上背着 The girl appeared again, now with a little baby on her back. 那女孩又来了，这次背上背了一个小婴孩。 b) the bones between your neck and the top of your legs 脊骨，脊柱 SYN spine He broke his back in a motorbike accident. 他在一次摩托车事故中摔断了脊梁骨。 2 PARTBACK OF somethingnot at front 不在前面 [usually singular] the part of something that is furthest from the front 后面，后部 OPP front a T-shirt with a picture of a snake on the back 后背印了一条蛇的T恤衫 back of He kissed her on the back of her head. 他在她后脑勺上亲了一下。 Her window faced the backs of the houses. 她的窗户对着这些房屋的后面。 in the back (of something) (=used especially about the back of a vehicle) 在（某物）后部〔尤指车辆〕 Two men were sitting in the back of the car. 两名男子坐在汽车的后排。 at the back (of something) a small shop with an office at the back 后面有一间办公室的小商店 in back (of something) American EnglishAmE (=in or at the back of something) 在（某物）后部 Kids should always wear seat belts, even in back. 小孩子每次都应该系安全带，即使是坐在后排位置。 out back American EnglishAmE (=behind a house or other building) 在房屋[建筑物]的后面 Tom’s working on the car out back. 汤姆在屋后弄汽车。 round/out the back British EnglishBrE (=behind a house or building) 在房屋[建筑物]的后面 Have you looked round the back? 房子后面找过了没有？ 3 SURFACEBACK OF somethingless important side 较为不重要的一面 [usually singular] the less important side or surface of something such as a piece of paper or card 〔纸或纸牌等的〕背面，反面 OPP front Paul scribbled his address on the back of an envelope. 保罗把他的地址草草地写在一个信封的背面。 The credits are listed on the back of the album. 制作人员名单列在专辑的背面。 4 CHAIRDHFBACK OF somethingpart of seat 座椅的一部分 the part of a seat that you lean against when you are sitting 椅背，靠背 back of He rested his arm on the back of the sofa. 他把胳膊搭在沙发的靠背上。 5 BOOK/NEWSPAPERTCNBACK OF somethingbook/newspaper 书/报纸 [usually singular] the last pages of a book or newspaper 〔书报的〕末尾 OPP front at the back (of) The sports pages are usually at the back. 体育版通常在最后。 in the back (of) The answers are in the back of the book. 答案列在书后。 6 at/in the back of your mind THINK ABOUTa thought that is at the back of your mind is one you try to ignore because you do not want it to be true 在内心里〔指不希望某个想法是真实的〕 At the back of her mind was the thought that he might be with someone else. 她内心里觉得说不定他是和别的什么人在一起呢。 put/push something to the back of your mind He tried to push these uncomfortable thoughts to the back of his mind. 他尽量把这些不安的念头抛诸脑后。 Examples from the Corpus at/in the back of your mind• There was always a slight feeling of fear at the back of his mind.• I was hurt that she'd left, but I guess at the back of my mind I always knew she would. 7 back to back a) BACK OF somethingwith the backs towards each other 背靠背 Stand back to back and we’ll see who’s tallest. 背靠背站好，我们来看看谁个子最高。 b) SERIEShappening immediately one after the other 一个接一个的，连续发生的 5 a couple of back-to-back wins for the team 球队一场接一场的胜利 n He performed up to three times a day, often back to back. → back-to-back1 Examples from the Corpus back to back• Two rows of chairs were arranged back to back.• Two sofas placed back to back in the centre of a space can often define the divisions of space very well.• We did three performances back to back that day.• His first interview recently was at 8 a. m. and his appointments were scheduled back to back until midnight.• His life is an endless stream of interviews and news conferences, often back to back.• Orlando and Vancouver, back to back.• The other three will be placed back to back with them inside.• The three nomes stood back to back.• They were astride a single horse, tied back to back, being led along a skyline by the sheriff's posse.• This idea works well using such designs as L-shapes, placed back to back to resemble book ends. 8 back to front British EnglishBrE a) in an incorrect position so that what should be at the back is at the front 前后倒置地 You’ve got your sweater on back to front. 你把毛衣前后穿反了。 b) doing something the wrong way round and starting with the part that should be at the end 顺序颠倒地 He got the commands back to front and the program didn’t work. 他把指令颠倒了，程序没有运行。 Examples from the Corpus back to front• Dan appeared in jeans, wearing his cap backward as usual.• The crowd was crammed shoulder to shoulder and back to front on the shrinking piece of roadway.• It was all wrong and back to front, but no one could say the old baggage lacked for courage.• But supposing X-rays were normally displayed back to front or the way one looked at the person?• I had an arrow right through my body from back to front somewhere in the region of my lower ribs.• Row 1: Bring needle from back to front of work through the stitch below the first stitch to be worked.• They're boys' hips, girls' hips, front to front, back to front.• You've got your sweater on back to front.• And can you fool them, by planting them back to front?• Papers are missing from each and the sheets inside have been turned back to front, and at angles. 9 behind somebody’s back SECRETif you do something behind someone’s back, you do it without them knowing 在某人背后，背地里 I don’t like the idea of the two of them talking about me behind my back. 我不喜欢他们俩在背后议论我。 I should have realized that he’d go behind my back (=do something without telling me). 我早该想到，他会背着我去干的。 Examples from the Corpus behind somebody’s back• I'm not happy about you going behind my back like that. You should have told me.• People laughed at him behind his back.• He agrees with his boss to his face, but then criticizes him behind his back.• I'm sure the other girls are talking about me behind my back.• I thought you were my friend. Now I find you've been talking about me behind my back.• His name is Mr McLeod, but his students call him "Big Nose'' behind his back.• Do you think people are talking about you behind your back? 10 when/while somebody’s back is turned if something happens when your back is turned, it happens when you are not able to see or know what someone is doing 在某人转身的时候〔指在看不见或不知道的时候〕 What are your kids up to when your back is turned? 你的孩子在你不知道的时候会搞些什么鬼？ Examples from the Corpus when/while somebody’s back is turned• Once, despite the age requirement, my sister charms her way on to this ride while my back is turned. 11 get/put somebody’s back up British EnglishBrE informalANNOY to annoy someone 使某人生气，使某人产生反感，惹怒某人 Simone was the kind of person who was always putting people’s backs up. 西蒙娜是那种老是惹人生气的人。 Examples from the Corpus get/put somebody’s back up• At Eagle Butte I stopped and got a clamp, got the pipe back up there some way.• She'd even got Bert's back up proper, over his betting and poor old Floss.• He treats everyone like children, and that's why he puts people's backs up.• Simon naturally put people's backs up.• It really gets my back up when salesmen call round to the house.• You got to get back up.• He had been around the scene for long enough to know how to manipulate meetings without getting everyone's back up.• If you get his/her back up, even if you're right, you're dead! 12 get (somebody) off somebody’s back spokenANNOY to stop annoying someone with a lot of questions, criticisms etc, or to make someone stop annoying you in this way （使某人）不烦扰某人 Maybe the only way to get him off my back is to tell him the truth. 也许，要他不来烦我，唯一的办法就是告诉他实话。 Do me a favour and get off my back! 劳驾，别烦我好不好！ Examples from the Corpus get off my back• Why don't you guys get off my back?• I'll do it in a minute. Just get off my back!• For the love of Mike, Candy, will you please get off my back about Adam Burns? 13 be on somebody’s back spokenFORCE somebody TO DO something to be trying to make someone do something they do not want to do 逼某人做，硬要某人做 Why are you and Dad always on my back? 你和爸爸为什么总是要逼着我干这干那？ Examples from the Corpus be on somebody’s back• Aunt Mimi was always on his back about him "wasting time playing that silly guitar".• Nick knew that the coach would be on his back if he missed another training session.• He must be on his way back by now.• His father was on his back night and day.• By this time the Confederates had formed into columns and were on the march back to Corinth, Mississippi.• Seeing that stately building on a hill and knowing the respirator center was on the back with the water view heartened me.• The boss has been on my back about that report.• Their other project, meanwhile, is on the back burner.• The afternoon papers are on the back seat and he reads them until the limousine stops in front of a funeral home.• Her eyes opened; she was on her back.• Instead of automated leisure, enforced unemployment was on its way back. 14 on the back of something as a result of something that already exists or something you have already done 由于某事物〔指已存在的某物或已做成的某事〕 The company should be able to generate business on the back of existing contracts. 依靠现有的这些合同，公司应该能开展业务。 Examples from the Corpus on the back of something• It was strange to see his bag on the back of another caddie.• I feel moist breath on the back of my neck, and fingers touch my arm.• Captions Never write directly on the back of a photograph.• Mr Gregson took me home, jolting on the back of the wagon.• Somebody runs out of the crowd and hits Mowat on the back of the neck.• Clubs also look set to be given the option of having players' names on the back of their shirts.• Jack said, and he slapped Streeter on the back of the head with his gun hand. 15 on the backs of somebody using the work of a particular group to achieve something that they will not get any advantage from 依靠某人〔指依靠从中得不到好处的某一群体〕 Economic prosperity was won on the backs of the urban poor. 经济繁荣靠的是城市里的贫民。 Examples from the Corpus on the backs of somebody• It is clearly unfair that so much tax in the Third World falls on the backs of those least able to pay.• For a while she stood next to the coal stove and warmed her hands on the backs of her legs.• The wood for the hedge arrived not on the backs of the hedge-builders but in the boot of their Ford Cortina.• Print your music on candy wrappers or on the backs of daguerreotypes.• He ignores the kids whose feet are propped on the backs of chairs.• In toads, for instance, the males sit on the backs of females for a few days before the female lays her eggs.• Palm trees sway on the backs of countless cotton shirts.• John Betjeman scribbled verses on the backs of envelopes and read them aloud in his car. 16. FOOTBALL ETCDSsports 体育运动 a defending player in a sports team 后卫 SYN defender 17 the back of beyond FAR informal a place that is a long way from other places and is difficult to get to 遥远偏僻的地方 It’s a nice little cottage but it really is in the back of beyond. 这小别墅不错，不过地方实在偏远。 Examples from the Corpus the back of beyond• His early comedies might have been taken to represent an unheard-of civility from the back of beyond.• Whatever anyone says about muggings and suchlike up here, there'd be no one about at all in the back of beyond.• Larky jaunts to the back of beyond returned to fashion with the 1980s boom in travel writing. 18 be (flat) on your back a) to be lying on your back – used to emphasize that someone seems unlikely to get up soon （直直地）仰卧〔用于强调某人一下子起不来〕 He was drunk and flat on his back on the street. 他喝醉了，直挺挺地仰卧在街头。 b) to be so ill that you cannot get out of bed 卧病在床 Their best player was flat on his back in hospital. 他们的最佳球员在医院里卧病不起。 c) if a business, country, economy etc is on its back, it is not successful 〔生意、国家、经济等〕不景气，疲弱 The UK market was flat on its back. 英国市场疲软。 Examples from the Corpus be (flat) on your back• He's been flat on his back in the hospital for a week.• His father was on his back night and day.• The sun was on his back as he swung himself over her and her long legs parted in expectation.• What else would he need if he were going to be flat on his back or stomach?• The child was on her back, unconscious.• The jelly cupboard was on its back, its contents lying in a heap in the corner of the bottom shelf.• After I was on its back, we all took off again on a run.• The result is that the liter pop bottle you tossed out six months ago may be on your back today.• Her eyes opened; she was on her back. 19 put your back into it informalWORK HARD to work extremely hard at something 全力以赴，拼命 If we really put our backs into it, we could finish today. 如果我们加把劲，今天能干完。 Examples from the Corpus put your back into it• Come on, John. Stop messing around and put your back into it!• I really put my back into it, you know? 20 be glad/delighted/pleased etc to see the back of somebody/something to be happy that someone is leaving or because you no longer have to deal with something 很高兴看到某人离开/某事结束 No, I’m not too upset that he left – in fact, I was glad to see the back of him. 才不呢，他走了我并不难过——其实我很高兴他走了。 I can’t wait to see the back of this project, I can tell you (=I will be happy when it ends). 说实话，我巴不得这个项目早点结束。 21. have your back to/against the wall informalDIFFICULT to be in a difficult situation with no choice about what to do 陷入绝境，被逼得走投无路 22 at your back a) BEHINDbehind you 在…后面 They had the wind at their backs as they set off. 他们出发时顺风。 b) supporting you 支持 Caesar marched into Rome with an army at his back. 凯撒在军队的支持下长驱直入罗马。 Examples from the Corpus at your back• She wants a phalanx of allies at her back before she climbs those stairs again.• Caesar marched into Rome with an army at his back.• The pub blazed at my back as I walked off.• She could tell this by looking at his back as he stood at the bar ordering more drinks.• When Schmidt tapped the chauffeur's arm, the man pressed a button that raised a glass panel at his back.• Run into the wind so it's at your back as you return.• She stared at his back view in exasperation.• Staring at his back, she tried to conjure up the image of him lover-like, tender, and failed.• I hear the whip at his back compelling him to shed his will, to stay in line.• He felt the wide gaze of the french windows at his back and the awareness put his timing out. 23. on your back informal not polite if someone achieves something on their back, they achieve it by having sex with someone 在床上搞定〔指通过与别人发生性关系而达到目的〕 Examples from the Corpus on your back• He took Deianira on his back and in midstream insulted her.• For a lew moments I lay spread-eagled on my back, unable to change position.• Thousands of people have been practicing step aerobics, but over-enthusiasm could leave them flat on their backs.• It appears to be a board-room decision and not his so let's not get on his back too quick.• She lay on her back and laughed at the sky.• Forget Michelangelo, lying on his back high above the Sistine Chapel floor to paint his famous frescoes.• He lay grinning up at me on the water, spreadeagled on his back with his arms splayed. 24 high-backed/straight-backed/low-backed etc DHFBACK OF somethingwith a high, straight, low etc back 高背的/直背的/低背的等 a high-backed chair 高背椅 → know something like the back of your hand at know1(3), → turn your back on somebody/something at turn1(7) Examples from the Corpus back• And lately, our defensive backs have responded with interceptions.• She had her hands tied behind her back.• The cat wanted her back rubbed.• Megan has some trouble with her back.• The autopsy report said Woldemariam was shot twice in the back.• Cashmere sports jackets hung on the back of their chairs, insurance against an encounter with air-conditioning.• What's written on the back?• The Leader and the thin man were seated on a pile of saddles and saddle-bags with their backs against the wall.• Martha came forward to help, and Miss Mary looked carefully at Colin's thin white back, up and down. round/out the back• Anna did not go to the front door but round the back.• I moved through the kitchen, peering out the back door before I exited.• In the front door, with their nasty trunks probing into everything, and I shoo them out the back.• Mariana mimed a lean-to round the back.• The outbuilding used as a mortuary was round the back.• He went round the back of the house and inspected the incinerator, now full of partly glowing but mainly black ashes.• Fogarty finished his double rye and Jack swigged the last of his coffee royal, and they went out the back door. in the back (of)• Michael kicked him in the back, the force of the blow sending Tommy across the dirt-strewn floor.• They argued, and Jimmy was slugged in the stomach, pushed to the ground and kicked in the back.• He puts me in the back seat with my coat over my knees.• You can get shot in the back.• Hector sits in the back seat of the front row, nearest the door.• He was shot twice in the back of the head while sitting in a cafe.• As he spoke a cab appeared, a grimy little robot jitney with the other Twin in the back.• They give a proud tour of the five-bedroom country home set way in the back of a gated development. Related topics: Music, Gambling back3 ●●● S2 W3 verb 1 SUPPORTsupport 支持 [transitiveT]SUPPORT A PERSON, GROUP, OR PLAN a) to support someone or something, especially by giving them money or using your influence 资助；支持 The scheme has been backed by several major companies in the region. 这个计划得到了该地区几家大公司的资助。 Some suspected that the rebellion was backed and financed by the US. 有人怀疑那次叛乱有美国在背后支持并提供资金。 government-backed loans 政府担保的贷款 b) (also back up) to support an idea by providing facts, proof etc 支持，证明 His claims are not backed by any scientific evidence. 他的说法没有任何科学依据。 ► see thesaurus at support n Grammar Back is usually passive in this meaning. 2 MOVE somebodymove backwards 向后移动 [intransitiveI always + adverbadv/prepositionprep, transitiveT]BACK/BACKWARDS to move backwards, or make someone or something move backwards （使）后退 back into/out of/away from etc She backed into a doorway to let the crowds pass by. 她退到门口让人群过去。 back somebody into/towards/out of etc something He began to back her towards the open door. 他开始逼着她朝开着的门退去。 back something into/towards/out of etc something I backed the car into the garage. 我把汽车倒进车库。 3 BACK SURFACEput STH on the back 加背衬 [transitiveT]CSPUT to put a material or substance onto the back of something, in order to protect it or make it stronger 给…加背衬 The photograph is backed with cardboard. 在照片后面垫上硬纸板。 a plastic-backed shower curtain 衬有塑料的浴帘 n Grammar Back is usually passive in this meaning. 4 BE BEHINDbe behind STH 在某物后面 [transitiveT]BACK OF something to be at the back of something or behind it 在…的后面 The Jandia Peninsula is a stretch of white sands backed by a mountain range. 汉迪亚半岛是一片依傍山脉的白色沙滩。 n Grammar Back is usually passive in this meaning. 5 MUSICmusic 音乐 [transitiveT]APM to play or sing the music that supports the main singer or musician 伴奏；伴唱 They performed all their hits, backed by a 40-piece orchestra. 他们在一支40人乐队的伴奏下，演唱了他们所有的热门歌曲。 n Grammar Back is usually passive in this meaning. 6. HORSE/DOG RACErisk money 下注 [transitiveT]DGG to risk money on whether a particular horse, dog, team etc wins something 下赌注于 7. back the wrong horse SUPPORT A PERSON, GROUP, OR PLANto support someone or something that is not successful 下错赌注，支持了输家 PHRASAL VERBS 8 back away phrasal verbphr v a) BACK/BACKWARDSto move backwards and away from someone or something, especially because you are frightened 〔尤指因害怕而〕躲开，向后退，退缩 from She backed away from the menacing look on his face. 他一脸凶相，吓得她直往后退。 b) STOP DOING somethingto stop supporting a plan or idea, or stop being involved in something 不再支持，逐渐退出 from The government has backed away from its nuclear weapons strategy. 政府已经放弃核武器战略。 Examples from the Corpus back away• "Are you crazy?'' she cried, backing away.• Anxiety and worry may inhibit parents from willingly backing away.• Moving into a situation is usually less tiring than backing away.• Then I slowly stand up, and they see the length of me and back away.• Then, perhaps feeling that his gesture was mawkish, he looked embarrassed, took the flowers out and backed away.• Needless loss of life resulted from a policy that emphasized backing away from provocation and discouraging self-defense.• We slowly backed away from the rattlesnake.• He started to back away, just as he had when he saw my dad.• Alan had backed away until he'd felt the rubbery darkness looming behind him. back from• This usually means the person making the statement has been offended and is backing away from a relationship with that person.• But lawmakers and health experts are already backing away from Bush's first steps toward overhauling federal health insurance.• She backed away from the big green car, all the while keeping her eyes on the man.• The tanks backed away from the fences, the crowds passed from the precipice of death to the summits of elation.• We slowly backed away from the rattlesnake. back from• This usually means the person making the statement has been offended and is backing away from a relationship with that person.• But lawmakers and health experts are already backing away from Bush's first steps toward overhauling federal health insurance.• She backed away from the big green car, all the while keeping her eyes on the man.• The tanks backed away from the fences, the crowds passed from the precipice of death to the summits of elation. 9 back down phrasal verbphr v LOSE A GAME, COMPETITION, OR WARACCEPTto admit that you are wrong or that you have lost an argument 承认〔错误〕；退让；认输 Both sides have refused to back down. 双方都不肯退让。 Examples from the Corpus back down• Even though it was obvious Emma's demands were unrealistic, she wouldn't back down.• Congress has backed down on its demand for an increase in defense spending. 10 back off phrasal verbphr v a) BACK/BACKWARDSto move backwards, away from someone or something 退后，后退 She backed off and then turned and ran. 她一步一步往后退去，然后转身跑了。 b) FORCE somebody TO DO somethingto stop telling someone what to do, or stop criticizing them, especially so that they can deal with something themselves 放过，不去管〔某人〕 I think you should back off for a while. 我想你应该放手一阵子。 Back off, Marc! Let me run my own life! 走开点，马克！我的生活我自己来安排！ c) STOP DOING somethingto stop supporting something, or decide not to do something you were planning to do 退出，放弃 Jerry backed off when he realized how much work was involved. 杰里知道有多大的工作量之后，就放弃了。 from The company has backed off from investing new money. 公司已不再投入新的资金。 Examples from the Corpus back from• They then backed off from a confrontation but stopped talking. 11 back onto something phrasal verbphr v OPPOSITE/FACEif a building backs onto something, its back faces it 〔建筑物〕背靠，背对 The hotel backs onto St Mark’s Square. 这家宾馆背靠圣马可广场。 Examples from the Corpus back onto • The development is sited three miles from Weston town centre and backs onto green belt land.• Burun had rocked back onto his heels.• He turned back onto his left.• Howard sinks back onto the day-bed.• I steered the car up the on-ramp back onto the freeway.• Wildfowlers would like to get redshanks back onto the list of birds which can be legally shot.• Coming off yet another knee injury, Masakayan took longer than usual to get back onto the sand.• Three were dragged back onto the train and taken by the scruff of the neck from station to police car. 12 back out phrasal verbphr v PROMISEto decide not to do something that you had promised to do 变卦，打退堂鼓；食言 It’s too late to back out now. 现在反悔已经太晚了。 After you’ve signed the contract, it will be impossible to back out. 签好合同之后你就不可以变卦了。 of The government is trying to back out of its commitment to reduce pollution. 政府当初承诺减少污染，可现在又想打退堂鼓。 Examples from the Corpus back of• Fitzsimmons said the Pistons backed out of both deals.• First, by minimizing conversion capital costs while backing out of expensive oil we conserve both capital and consumer resources.• By simply backing out of public provision, governments turn services over to the private market.• The king of Sicily backed out of the arrangement.• I backed out of the bathroom and closed the door.• The airline backed out of the deal.• Moscow had backed out of the deal.• I almost backed out of the race yesterday.• Tony got up and backed out of the room. 13 back up phrasal verbphr v a) back somebody/something ↔ upPROVE to say or show that what someone is saying is true 证实某人的说法，为某人作证；证明某事 Jane would back me up if she were here. 要是简在这儿，她可以为我作证。 There’s no evidence to back up his accusations. 他的指控没有证据支持。 These theories have not been backed up by research. 这些理论尚未获得研究证实。 b) back somebody/something ↔ up to provide support or help for someone or something 支持[帮助]某人/某事 The plan’s success depends on how vigorously the UN will back it up with action. 这个计划成功与否，取决于联合国是否会积极采取行动予以支持。 The police officers are backed up by extra teams of people at the weekend. 到了周末，警察会有增派人员支援。 → backup c) TDto make a copy of information stored on a computer 〔在计算机上〕（给…）做备份 Make sure you back up. 你一定要做好备份。 back something ↔ up These devices can back up the whole system. 这些装置可以为整个系统备份。 back something ↔ up onto something 5 Back all your files up onto floppy disks. 把你所有的文档都复制到软盘上去。 n Back all your files up onto a storage device or Cloud. → backup d) TTC especially American EnglishAmE to make a vehicle move backwards 倒（车） The truck stopped and then backed up. 卡车停下来，然后倒车。 back something ↔ up I backed the car up a little. 我把汽车往后倒了一点。 e) BACK/BACKWARDSto move backwards 向后移动，往后退 Back up a bit so that everyone can see. 往后点让大家都能看得见。 → backup f) if traffic backs up, it forms a long line of vehicles that cannot move 〔车辆〕排起长队，堵塞 The traffic was starting to back up in both directions. 两个方向的车辆都开始排起了长龙。 g) if a toilet, sink etc backs up, it becomes blocked so that water cannot flow out of it 〔马桶、洗涤槽等〕堵塞 Examples from the Corpus back up• The car stopped and then began to back up.• Back up a bit so that everyone can see.• Can you back up a few steps so that I can open the door?• Back the truck up a little more, will you?• Don't forget to back up all the new files you create.• When you write a history essay, you should back up all your points with facts.• I didn't back the document up and lost the whole lot.• Wright was accused of pretending to be injured, and this was backed up by video evidence.• Cindi backed up the car and stopped in front of the door.• They claim they can give us the best deal, but can they back this up with guarantees? Examples from the Corpus back• We backed a horse named Travelling Light that finished first at 10-1.• Uncle Barry backed Arsenal to win the FA Cup.• The stage was backed by a light blue curtain.• There is no known cure but the illness can be treated - by medication backed by practical and caring support.• The three tenors were backed by the Boston Philharmonic Orchestra.• The plans for a new shopping mall are backed by the city council.• The crime bill is backed by the Democrats.• In the end Krushchev backed down and everyone breathed a sigh of relief.• Which team did you back for the Super Bowl?• I wouldn't park there -- it's going to be very difficult to back out again.• I backed the car into the garage and walked round to the front door of the boarding house.• Several major insurance companies have agreed to back the healthcare reforms.• Morris carefully backed the truck into the shed. back something into/towards/out of etc something• A pickup truck backs slowly out of a space and taps the bumper of a nearby minivan.• Angelita, announcing that she will be right back, walks out of the room.• He backed slowly out of the room, which had become hers.• She nods her head, steps back a step out of the way of him spreading toward her white shoes.• Then, without waiting for yes, no, or another bout of silence, he backed quickly out of the library.• They remained aloof from the front row out of disdain and from the back row out of a sense of responsibility.• You can back yourself out of the room that way. Related topics: Linguistics back4 ●●● S2 W3 adjectiveadj [only before noun] 1 BACK OF somethingat or in the back of something 后面的，后部的 OPP front You’ll be sleeping in the back bedroom. 你睡后面的卧室吧。 Turn to the back page. 翻到背页。 I keep my keys in my back pocket. 我把钥匙放在后兜里。 There was the sound of giggling from the back row. 后排传来咯咯的笑声。 The rabbit had one of its back legs caught in a trap. 兔子有一条后腿被夹子夹住了。 → back door 2 BEHINDbehind something, especially a building 在〔建筑物〕后面的 OPP front the back garden 屋后花园 We left by the back gate. 我们是从后门离开的。 3 BACK OF somethingfrom the back 从后面的 The back view of the hotel was even less appealing than the front. 这家旅馆从后面看比前面还要难看。 4 back street/lane/road etc TTRROAD/PATHa street etc that is away from the main streets 偏僻的街道/小巷/马路等 a short cut down a back lane 从小巷走的一条近路 Examples from the Corpus back street/lane/road etc• Now they left the main road for the quieter, dimmer back streets.• People always honk at me for that so I try to take the back roads.• A far better alternative was to walk the back roads and country lanes.• That afternoon I drove nonstop over the back roads of Ames and Bern townships.• And this was how many such agents lived, in rooms in the back streets of cities.• I have found one must speak slowly to people who live in the back streets of London.• Iain and Tommy drank together on the back streets of Pinner.• The back lane, roughly on the line of the original through road, is exactly that. 5. back rent/taxes/pay etc MONEYmoney that someone owes from an earlier date 拖欠的租金/税款/薪水等 Examples from the Corpus back rent/taxes/pay etc• A former landlord said she was still owed several thousand dollars in back rent.• He owes $ 10,000 in back taxes.• I needed a release from the tax office showing that I owed no back taxes.• Look, she said, he's left, bolted, owing three months' back rent.• Next: What to do when you can not afford to pay back taxes.• Homar sued for reinstatement of his job, back pay and money damages.• The Internal Revenue Service has been battling him for years for back taxes and penalties related to one venture.• Dave Escott bought at the height of the boom, and any back rent will only add to his negative equity. 6. back issue/copy/number TCNa copy of a magazine or newspaper from an earlier date 过期的报刊 Examples from the Corpus back issue/copy/number• A little later Bacon appeared, walked up to their table and asked Minton why he did not look after his back numbers.• Anyway, I thought you ought to know you have your reader back, and I enclose £4 for 4 back issues.• Six issues cost $ 39, and new and back issues are available.• My parents collected all their copies of Wimpey News and we have back numbers going back to the 1940s.• Mackey had seen handbooks on guerrilla tactics, back issues of a racist magazine Guy published.• Lifelong readers who kept the back issues piled in their attics renewed their subscriptions like clockwork at the five-year rate. 7. SL technical a back vowel sound is made by lifting your tongue at the back of your mouth 〔元音〕舌后的，舌根的 Examples from the Corpus back• It allows the vehicle to manoeuvre without tearing itself apart on the back axle.• Capshaw sent him out the back door to avoid whoever it was keeping guard in the front.• The burglars broke into the house through the back door.• Yet it will soak up heavy bumps that would otherwise bounce the back end off the ground.• They waited by the back entrance.• The car was later found parked on a back parking lot of the complex.• You can put your suitcase on the back seat of the car.• The kids should sit in the back seat.• a back view• the back wall of the factory• I took the back way out of town. From Longman Business Dictionary backback /bæk/ verb [transitiveT] 1to support someone or something, especially by giving money or using your influence The board backed Mr Standley, who plans to cut costs. Shareholders have backed a plan to build a second plant. 2FINANCE if SECURITIES are backed by particular assets, they are supported by income from them This new generation of securities is backed by aircraft leases, royalty streams from films, student loans and auto loans. → see also asset-backed security under security → back something → up Origin back2 Old English bæc back3 verb →n GRAMMAR1 →n GRAMMAR2 →n GRAMMAR3 →n GRAMMAR4 →PHRASAL VERBS1back4 adjectiveadj
随便看	fond of something fond of sth fondue fondue fondues font fontal fonteyn,-dame-margot Fonteyn, Dame Margot fonts Fonz food food and agriculture organization food-and-agriculture-organization Food and Agriculture Organization, the food and drug administration food-and-drug-administration Food and Drug Administration, the food and rural affairs, the department for environment food-and-rural-affairs,-the-department-for-environment food-bank food bank foodbank food/butter etc mountain food-chain 氛围氛霏氟氟利昂氟利昂氟化物氟斑牙氟斑釉症氟氯烷氟牙症氟石氡氢氢化物氢弹氢气氢气汽车氢氧化物氢氧化钙氢氧化钠氢氧化钾氢氧化铝氢氧基氢氧根氢氰酸