include

Word family noun exclusion ≠ inclusion inclusivenessverb exclude ≠ include adjectiveincludableincludedinclusiveprepositionincludingadverbinclusively

in·clude /ɪnˈkluːd/ S1 W1 verb [transitiveT]

1 INCLUDEif one thing includes another, the second thing is part of the first 包括，包含

Does the price include postage?

这个价格包含邮费吗？

His job includes looking after under-21 teams.

他的职责包括照管21岁以下球队。

The curriculum includes courses in computing.

课程内容包括计算机技术。

2 INCLUDEto make someone or something part of a larger group or set 将…列为…的一部分；把…算入 OPP exclude

The team is stronger now they’ve included Roscoe.

罗斯科加入后，现在队伍的实力更强了。

include something in/on something

Service is included in the bill.

账单包括服务费。

Would you include a mobile phone on your list of essentials?

你的基本用品清单上包括随身听吗？

n Grammar

Prepositions with include

You include someone or something in a group, total, statement etc:

Insurance is included in the price.

✗Don’t say: Insurance is included on the price.

You include something or someone on a list:

His name was included on the team sheet.

Using the progressive

Include is not used in the progressive. You say:

The book includes a chapter on Europe.

✗Don’t say: The book is including a chapter on Europe.

However, the present participle including is very commonly used as a preposition:

It costs $150 including tax.

Examples from the Corpus

include• The price of the computer includes £500 worth of free software.• The toy has flashing lights and a siren noise, but batteries are not included.• Electrical systems had to be updated to install all the new equipment, which also includes a couple of freezers.• The sample tasks all include a measurement context in which decimals have to be ordered.• Today's programme will include a workshop on language learning games.• The price for the hotel includes breakfast.• These include generating and managing reports, building and printing labels, and creating and using custom forms.• You don't have to pay for your flights - they're included in the price of your holiday.• His sovereignty is not confined to the created order but includes political powers.• Early attempts to fortify rice included riboflavin along with the other constituents.• The team is looking strong, especially now that they have included Roscoe.• Our tour party included several young families.• They also prepare financial reports for nonmanagement groups, including stockholders, creditors, regulatory agencies, and tax authorities.• Even if you include the cost of food, it's still a cheap vacation.• Symptoms of the disease include tiredness and loss of memory.• I have included two jazz numbers in my selection.• Other favorites include unit housing makers Nagawa Co.• Could we maybe include Wendell in the game?

include something in/on something• Why did they include Baltimore on the list?

From Longman Business Dictionary

includein·clude /ɪnˈkluːd/ verb [transitiveT]

if something includes something else, the second thing is part of the first thing

The price includes shipping and handling.

include something in something

The auditors included the restructuring charge of $9 million in the final assessment of the accounts.

—including prepositionprep

The current staff numbers 40 attorneys, including 10 partners.

Origin include

(1400-1500) Latin includere, from claudere “to close”

词汇	include
释义	include Word family noun exclusion ≠ inclusion inclusivenessverb exclude ≠ include adjectiveincludableincludedinclusiveprepositionincludingadverbinclusively in·clude /ɪnˈkluːd/ ●●● S1 W1 verb [transitiveT] 1 INCLUDEif one thing includes another, the second thing is part of the first 包括，包含 Does the price include postage? 这个价格包含邮费吗？ His job includes looking after under-21 teams. 他的职责包括照管21岁以下球队。 The curriculum includes courses in computing. 课程内容包括计算机技术。 2 INCLUDEto make someone or something part of a larger group or set 将…列为…的一部分；把…算入 OPP exclude The team is stronger now they’ve included Roscoe. 罗斯科加入后，现在队伍的实力更强了。 include something in/on something Service is included in the bill. 账单包括服务费。 Would you include a mobile phone on your list of essentials? 你的基本用品清单上包括随身听吗？ n Grammar Prepositions with include You include someone or something in a group, total, statement etc: Insurance is included in the price. ✗Don’t say: Insurance is included on the price. You include something or someone on a list: His name was included on the team sheet. Using the progressive Include is not used in the progressive. You say: The book includes a chapter on Europe. ✗Don’t say: The book is including a chapter on Europe. However, the present participle including is very commonly used as a preposition: It costs $150 including tax. Examples from the Corpus include• The price of the computer includes £500 worth of free software.• The toy has flashing lights and a siren noise, but batteries are not included.• Electrical systems had to be updated to install all the new equipment, which also includes a couple of freezers.• The sample tasks all include a measurement context in which decimals have to be ordered.• Today's programme will include a workshop on language learning games.• The price for the hotel includes breakfast.• These include generating and managing reports, building and printing labels, and creating and using custom forms.• You don't have to pay for your flights - they're included in the price of your holiday.• His sovereignty is not confined to the created order but includes political powers.• Early attempts to fortify rice included riboflavin along with the other constituents.• The team is looking strong, especially now that they have included Roscoe.• Our tour party included several young families.• They also prepare financial reports for nonmanagement groups, including stockholders, creditors, regulatory agencies, and tax authorities.• Even if you include the cost of food, it's still a cheap vacation.• Symptoms of the disease include tiredness and loss of memory.• I have included two jazz numbers in my selection.• Other favorites include unit housing makers Nagawa Co.• Could we maybe include Wendell in the game? include something in/on something• Why did they include Baltimore on the list? From Longman Business Dictionary includein·clude /ɪnˈkluːd/ verb [transitiveT] if something includes something else, the second thing is part of the first thing The price includes shipping and handling. include something in something The auditors included the restructuring charge of $9 million in the final assessment of the accounts. —including prepositionprep The current staff numbers 40 attorneys, including 10 partners. Origin include (1400-1500) Latin includere, from claudere “to close”
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