| 词汇 | how |
| 释义 | howWord family adjectivehow-toadverbhow how /haʊ/ ●●● S1 W1 adverbadv 1 used to ask or talk about the way in which something happens or is done 怎样，如何 How do you spell your name? 你的名字怎么拼写？ How can I help you? 我怎么帮你？ I’d like to help in some way, but I’m not sure how. 我想帮点忙，可不知道该怎么做。 He explained how the system worked. 他讲解了该系统是如何运转的。 We both used to work at the airport – that’s how we met. 我们俩都曾经在机场工作过，我们就是这么认识的。 how to do something I don’t know how to get to your house. 我不知道怎么去你家。 Alan showed me how to load the gun. 艾伦教我怎么给枪装上子弹。 advice on how best (=the best way) to invest your money 如何以最好方式进行投资的建议 They had a number of suggestions as to how the service could be improved. 他们有一些关于如何改进服务的建议。 This still leaves the question of how local services should be funded. 这仍然没有解决如何为地方公共服务业提供资金的问题。 how on earth/in the world etc (=used for emphasis when you are surprised, angry etc) 到底[究竟]如何〔在惊讶、愤怒等时用于强调〕 How on earth did you find out? 你到底是怎么发现的？ 2 used to ask or talk about the amount, size, degree etc of something 〔数量、大小、程度等〕多少 How big is the state of Louisiana? 路易斯安那州有多大？ How many kids do they have now? 他们现在有几个孩子？ How long have you been learning English? 你学英语多久了？ Do you know how old it is? 你知道它年代有多久远吗？ They couldn’t tell exactly how far away the bridge was. 他们说不清那座桥确切有多远。 She wondered how much Angela already knew. 她想搞清楚安杰拉已经知道了多少。 how much? (=used to ask the price of something) 多少钱？〔用于询问价格〕 How much are the tickets? 这些票多少钱？ 3 spoken a) used to ask about someone’s health, especially when you meet them 怎么样？〔尤用于见面时询问健康状况〕 ‘Hi Laurie, how are you?’ ‘Fine, thanks. How are you?’ “嘿，劳里，你好吗？”“挺好，谢谢，你呢？” Has Ros had the baby yet? How is she? 罗斯生孩子了吗？她怎么样了？ ‘How’s your ankle this morning?’ ‘Better, thanks.’ “今天上午你的脚踝情况如何？”“好些了，谢谢。” b) used when you meet someone, to ask for news about their life, work etc 怎么样〔用于询问生活、工作情况等〕 So how’s it going at work these days? Still enjoying it? 近来工作怎么样？仍然干得很开心吗？ ‘How are things with you?’ ‘Fine.’ “你过得好吗？”“挺好的。” How are you doing? 你过得好吗？ 4 used to ask someone about their opinion or experience of something 怎么样〔用于询问看法、经历〕 How was the film? 那部电影怎么样？ ‘How’s your steak?’ ‘Mmm, it’s good.’ “牛排味道怎么样？”“嗯，不错。” How did your exams go? 你考试考得怎么样？ How do you feel about seeing Peter again? 再见到彼得你感觉如何？ How’s that? Does that feel comfortable? 怎么样？那样感觉舒服吗？ 5 used after certain adjectives or verbs to refer to an event or situation 〔用于某些形容词或动词之后，指某一事件或情形〕 It’s amazing how they’ve managed to get everything finished so quickly. 他们这么快就全部完成了，真是让人吃惊。 I remember how she always used to have fresh flowers in the house. 我还记得以前她家总是有鲜花。 6 VERY[+adj/adverbadv] used to emphasize the quality you are mentioning 多么，何等〔加强语气〕 How lovely to see you! 见到你真高兴！ ‘John’s been in an accident.’ ‘Oh, how awful!’ “约翰出事了。”“啊，太糟了！” I didn’t realize how difficult it was to get tickets. 我当时没有意识到弄几张票这么困难。 He was impressed at how well she could read. 她识那么多字，这给他留下了深刻印象。 7 old-fashioned or written used to say that something happens to a very great degree 〔表示程度大〕 SPOKEN PHRASES How the crowd loved it! 人们太喜欢它了！ 8 how about ... ? a) SUGGESTused to make a suggestion about what to do …好吗？ …行吗？〔用于建议〕 SYN what about No, I’m busy on Monday. How about Tuesday at seven? 不行，我星期一没空。星期二7点行吗？ how about doing sth? How about putting the sofa closer to the window? 把沙发挪近窗户一些好吗？ How about we have that game when we get back? 我们回来后再玩那个游戏好吗？ How about if we tell the police where Newley is hiding? 我们告诉警方纽利的藏身之处好吗？ how’s about ... ? American EnglishAmE How’s about going to the beach this afternoon? 今天下午去海滩好吗？ b) AND/ALSOused to ask about another person or thing 〔用于提及另一人或事〕…又怎么样呢？ ‘Mary and Ken are still away.’ ‘And how about Billy?’ “玛丽和肯还没回来。”“那比利呢？” I need a long cold drink. How about you? 我要一大杯冷饮。你呢？ Examples from the Corpus how about ... ?• How about if I read you and Mia a story?• How about some iced tea? 9 how do you mean? EXPLAINused to ask someone to explain something they have just said 你是指什么？〔要求进一步解释〕 ‘What’s your family situation?’ ‘How do you mean?’ ‘Are you married?’ “你的家庭状况如何？”“你是指什么？” “你结婚了吗？” Examples from the Corpus how do you mean?• Straight? How do you mean, straight?• And now, how do you mean translated? 10 how come? informalREASON used to ask why something has happened or why a particular situation exists, especially when you are surprised by it 怎么会呢？〔尤用于表示惊讶〕 How come Dave’s home? Isn’t he feeling well? 戴夫怎么会在家呢？他不舒服吗？ Examples from the Corpus how come?• How come he's asked us to spend all this money and not them?• How come I can't make her happy, how come she can't make me happy?• How come Mrs Wall-Eye know my name?• How come the vast majority of the population appears to want to play make-believe?• How come you never asked me what happened?• Joey, how come you never sweet-talk me in person? 11. how do you do? formalHELLO used as a polite greeting when you meet someone for the first time 您好！〔初次见面时的礼貌问候语〕 Examples from the Corpus how do you do?• So how do they do it?• What do trees do, and how do they do it?• What I want to know is how do they do it?• But assuming for the moment that we can do better than fight over the trough, how do we do it?• It sounds pretty powerful stuff, but how do you do it?• But how do you do that? 12 how can/could somebody do sth? SURPRISEDused when you are very surprised by something or disapprove strongly of something 某人怎么能做某事呢？〔表示震惊或强烈反感〕 William! How can you say such a thing? 威廉！ 你怎么能说这种话呢？ How could anyone be so cruel? 怎么会有人这么冷酷呢？ 13 how you like/want British EnglishBrE informal in whatever way you like or want 随便 Then you can arrange it how you like. 那么随便你怎么安排吧。 Examples from the Corpus how you like/want• Live your life how you want.• Oh, how she wanted him to.• You try reading this with only one eye and see how you like it.• It's how we like to see ourselves.• First decide how you want to set up your directories.• Is this how we want to spend our dotage?• Oh, how I wanted to win!• Remember how he wanted us to think he was a good guy at heart? 14 how about that!/how do you like that! OPINIONused when you think something is surprising, rude, impressive etc 你信吗？/你说怎么样呀？〔用于认为某事令人吃惊、粗鲁、给人印象深刻等时〕 He scored two goals! How about that! 他进了两个球！你说神奇不神奇？ 15 how’s that for sth? used to say that you think something is very impressive 某事物怎么样[如何]？〔用于认为某事给人印象很深刻时〕 I’ve already arranged everything. How’s that for efficiency? 我已经全部安排好了，效率高吧？ 16 how ... is that? informal a) used to say that an action or event has a particular quality to a great degree 那多…呀！〔用于表示某一行为或事件极具某种特性〕 He sent himself a card for Valentine’s Day. How sad is that? 情人节他给自己寄了一张贺卡，你说有多凄凉呀！ b) used to say that an action or event does not have a particular quality 那怎么…？〔用于表示某一行为或事件没有某种特性〕 They say they’re not going to leave, but how likely is that? 他们说不打算走了，不过那怎么可能呢？ Examples from the Corpus how ... is that?• And on the evening of December 9, there is jazz in the museum courtyard. How cool is that?• I have said a tune is one meme, but what about a symphony: how many memes is that?• The present rendezvous had been riding high on my chart of dreads. How is that?• A flushed and jolly character raises his glass among friends and family - how real, how reliable is that evidence?• It makes her realize, she says, just how lucky she is that her son survived.• Some stocks even earn negative scores. How is that possible?• But how often is that really the case?• Knightley remarks how unfortunate it is that she has no piano at the Bateses' to practice on. 17 how so? OPINIONused to ask someone to explain an opinion they have given 怎么…？〔用于要求解释〕 ‘Rick’s parents are a little strange, I think.’ ‘How so?’ “我觉得里克的父母有些怪。”“怎么个怪法？” Examples from the Corpus how so?• "The scriptures make it perfectly clear." "Oh, how so?"• Have you noticed how so many adverts for chocolate are aimed at girls?• I do not understand how so many Black men stay sane, look after their children and strive to walk beside them.• I repeated the details of how so many of Green's family had been murdered at Auschwitz.• He does not entirely explain how so many people could lift off so quickly into the deal-making stratosphere. 18 how about if ... ? informal used to mention something that may happen, and ask what should be done if it does happen 要是…会怎样？ How about if we quit now? 要是我们现在放弃会怎么样？ 19 and how! old-fashioned used to say ‘yes’ strongly in reply to a question 那还用说！当然啦！〔用于对问题极肯定的回答〕 → how dare you at dare1(2) ‘Was Matt drunk?’ ‘And how!’ “马特醉了吗？” “那还用说！” Examples from the Corpus and how!• "Did you like your hot dog?" "And how!" 5 GRAMMAR 语法 How much is used before comparative adjectives to ask or talk about a difference. how much用于形容词的比较级形式前，以询问或谈论差异 They realize how much better off they are than previous generations. 他们认识到自己的生活要比先辈们好得多。 However, before an ordinary adjective, use how, not ‘how much’. 然而，形容词原形之前要用how，而不用how much We all know how important ( NOT 不说 how much important ) a balanced diet is. 我们都知道膳食均衡非常重要。 Do not use how with ‘look like/feel like/be like’ to ask for or talk about a description of someone or something. Use what . 询问或描述人或物的情况时，不要把how和look like/feel like/be like连用，而要用what What does she look like? 她长什么样？ Do not use how with ‘think’ to ask or talk about someone’s opinion. Use what . 询问或描述观点时，不要把how和think连用，而要用what What do you think of your present employer? 你觉得你现在的老板怎么样？ n GRAMMAR: Patterns with how You use how before an ordinary adjective: We all know how important exercise is. ✗Don’t say: We all know how much important exercise is. 我们都知道膳食均衡非常重要。 You use how much before a comparative adjective: They realize how much better life is. ✗Don’t say: They realize how better life is. USAGE: How or what? nYou use what with look/feel/be like to ask for or give a description: What does she look like? ✗Don’t say: How does she look like? 她长什么样？ You use what with think to ask or talk about someone's opinion: 询问或描述观点时，不要把how和think连用，而要用what nWhat do you think of him? ✗Don't say: How do you think of him?Examples from the Corpus how• How are the kids going to get home?• How are you feeling this morning?• He was surprised at how bitter Sabina sounded.• How do I get to North Bend?• How do I look in glasses?• How do you get your CD player to work?• How do you like the painting, Chuck?• How do you turn the printer on?• How does American English differ from British?• Everyone was talking about how great the workshop was.• Have you seen how incredibly messy Fong's room is?• How long are you going to be here?• How many people does each cabin sleep?• How much do they charge for a haircut?• We don't know how she managed to escape.• How should I dress for this job interview?• She told me how to get to the Johnson's house.• My dad's teaching me how to use email.• How was your trip? how to do something• Find out how to decorate your own Easter eggs on pages 30-31.• For details on how to install the program, see the instructions on the right.• I don't know how to load this thing.• My father taught me how to make and mend fishing nets• I'll teach you how to tie your shoes.• Could you show me how to work the photocopier? how much?• No one knew how much a dollar was really worth.• When he turned away from the water, though, he was surprised how much darker it got.• She could see how much he enjoyed not having Omar here.• How much is this jacket?• With a standing order you tell your branch exactly how much is to be paid and when.• Every broadcaster tries to determine how much programs are worth to the advertiser.• Sadly for Les, it also reminded us how much sharper Bob Monkhouse was as host.• How much time do you think it will take?• Its all about money, how much we have how much we make and what we spend it one.• Find out exactly how much you will be charged, and how much the worker is paid. How are things• Till now they had fenced gently. How are things?• Wojupto?: How are things?• Ha-Ha. How are things at your end?• Connections. How are things connected to each other?• Q.. People are talking about how Houghton may be losing its prominent authors. How are things now?• I ask, How are things so different here?• Provincetown! How are things up that way? Old English hu |
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