hold

Word family noun hold holder holding holdallholdbackholderbatholdfastholding companyholding patternholdoutholdoververb hold

hold1 /həʊld $ hoʊld/ S1 W1 verb (past tensepst and past participlepp held /held/)

in your hand/arms 在手中/怀抱中

a) [transitiveT]HOLD to have something in your hand, hands, or arms 握住，抓住；抱住

Could you hold my bag for me?

你能帮我拿着包吗？

hold something in your hand/arms

He was holding a knife in one hand.

他手中拿着一把刀。

I held the baby in my arms.

我把宝宝抱在怀里。

hold hands (=hold each other’s hands) 手拉着手

They sat holding hands under a tree.

他们手拉着手坐在树下。

hold somebody close/tightly (=with your arms around someone) 紧抱某人

Max held her close and wiped away her tears.

马克斯抱紧她并给她擦去眼泪。

b) [transitiveT always + adverbadv/prepositionprep]MOVE something OR somebody to move your hand or something in your hand in a particular direction 使〔手、手持之物〕处于某种位置

hold something out/up etc

He held out his hand to help her to her feet.

他伸出手帮助她站起来。

Hold the picture up so we can see it.

把图片举高好让我们看到。

2 event 事件 [transitiveT] to have a meeting, party, election etc in a particular place or at a particular time 召开；举行；进行

This year’s conference will be held at the Hilton Hotel.

今年的会议将在希尔顿酒店召开。

A thanksgiving ceremony was held to mark the occasion.

举行了一个感恩仪式以庆祝这一特别的时刻。

The funeral was held on a grey day in November.

葬礼在11月的一个阴天举行。

In April, the president held talks with Chinese leaders.

4月，总统和中国领导人举行了会谈。

3 keep STH in position 使某物保持在某种位置上 [transitiveT] to make something stay in a particular position 使〔某物〕保持〔在某种位置上〕

hold something open/up etc

We used rolled-up newspapers to hold the windows open.

我们用卷起的报纸抵住窗户让它们开着。

Remember to hold your head up and keep your back straight.

记住要抬头挺胸。

hold something in place/position

A couple of screws should hold it in place.

几个螺钉就可以把它固定住了。

Lift your head off the floor and hold this position for five seconds.

把头抬离地面，保持这个姿势五秒钟。

4 job/title 工作/头衔JOB/WORK [transitiveT]

a) to have a particular job or position, especially an important one 担任〔尤指重要职位〕

Do you really think he’s capable of holding such a responsible position?

你真的认为他能担任这个责任重大的职位吗？

hold the post/position/office etc (of something)

She was the first woman to hold the office of Australian state premier.

她是第一位担任澳大利亚州总理的女性。

The governor had held the post since 1989.

那位州长自1989年起一直在任。

Whoever is elected will hold office (=have an important political position) for four years.

当选者任期为四年。

b) to have a particular title or record, because you have won a competition, are the best at something etc 拥有〔头衔、称号〕；保持〔纪录〕

The programme still holds the record for the longest running TV series.

该节目仍然保持着播放时间最长的电视系列节目这一纪录。

The last Briton to hold the title was Bert Nicholson.

最后一名拥有该称号的英国人是伯特•尼科尔森。

5 keep/store 保留/保存 [transitiveT] to keep something to be used when it is needed 保存，保留〔以备后用〕

Further copies of the book are held in the library.

这本书在图书馆还存有一些。

Weapons were held at various sites.

武器存放在不同地点。

6 keep STH available for SB 为某人保留某物 [transitiveT] to agree not to give something such as a ticket, a place at a restaurant, a job etc to anyone except a particular person 〔为某人〕保留〔票、餐厅座位、工作等〕

We can hold the reservation for you until next Friday.

我们可以把您的预订保留到下星期五。

hold something open

You can’t expect them to hold the job open for much longer – you’ll have to decide whether you want it or not.

不要以为他们还会保留这个空缺职位很长时间——你必须决定要不要接受。

7 keep SB somewhere 把某人关在某处 [transitiveT] to keep someone somewhere, and not allow them to leave 关押，扣留

Police are holding two men in connection with the robbery.

警方拘留了同抢劫案有关联的两名男子。

hold somebody prisoner/hostage/captive

A senior army officer was held hostage for four months.

一名高级军官被扣押为人质达四个月。

hold somebody incommunicado (=keep someone somewhere and not allow them to communicate with anyone) 单独囚禁某人

8 opinion 观点 [transitiveT not in progressive] to have a particular opinion or belief 持有，怀有〔某种观点或信念〕

Experts hold varying opinions as to the causes of the disease.

专家们对该病的病因各持不同意见。

be widely/generally/commonly held (=be the opinion of a lot of people) 普遍认为

This view is not widely held.

持这种观点的人并不多见。

be held to be something

She was held to be one of the most talented actors of her time.

她被认为是她那个时代最有天赋的演员之一。

hold that

The judge held that the child’s interests in this case must come first.

法官认为，该案必须首先考虑孩子的利益。

9 hold somebody responsible/accountable/liable (for something) to say or decide that someone should accept the responsibility for something bad that happens 认为某人应该（为某事）负责，要某人（对某事）负责

If anything happens to her, I’ll hold you personally responsible.

如果她出了什么事，我就唯你是问。

He may have had a terrible childhood, but he should still be held accountable for his own actions.

他的童年也许是很不幸，但他仍然要为自己的行为负责。

Examples from the Corpus

hold somebody responsible/accountable/liable (for something)• Then he told Hepzibah he'd hold her responsible!• She would have been held personally responsible and would almost certainly have fallen from office.• He was held not liable as there was a real and imminent danger and he had done what was reasonably necessary.• The jury that held Simpson liable consisted of six men and six women, ranging in age from mid-20s to mid-70s.• You can not learn team performance without being part of a team that holds itself mutually accountable for achieving specific performance goals.• I hold the police responsible for my son's death Voice over Police denied any knowledge of who was on the bike.• In the past, juries have usually sided with the industry, holding smokers liable for the damage they inflict on themselves.• Please, however, do not think that I hold you responsible, in any way, for my own uncertainty.

10 own STH 拥有某物 [transitiveT]OWN to officially own or possess money, a document, a company etc 持有，拥有〔金钱、证件、公司等〕

He holds shares in ICI.

他持有帝国化学工业集团的股份。

Do you hold a valid passport?

你持有有效护照吗？

a privately-held company

私有公司

► see thesaurus at own

11 contain a particular amount 容纳某一数量 [transitiveT not in progressive] to have the space to contain a particular amount of something 容纳

The movie theater holds 500 people.

这家电影院能容纳500人。

The tank should hold enough to last us a few days.

油箱应该可以存足够的油，让我们用上几天。

12 support 支撑 [intransitiveI, transitiveT] to be strong enough to support the weight of something or someone 能承受，支撑〔重量〕

Careful! I’m not sure that branch will hold you.

小心！我觉得那根树枝承受不了你的重量。

The bridge didn’t look as though it would hold.

那座桥似乎要撑不住了。

13 stay at same level 保持相同水平 [intransitiveI, transitiveT] to stay at a particular amount, level, or rate, or to make something do this （使）保持〔某种数量、水平或速度〕

The bank is holding interest rates at 4%.

银行将利率维持在4%。

Since then, the pound has held steady against the dollar.

从那时起，英镑对美元的汇率一直保持稳定。

hold somebody’s interest/attention (=make someone stay interested) 使某人保持兴趣/注意力

Colourful pictures help hold the students’ interest.

色彩缤纷的图片有助于使学生保持兴趣。

14 not change 不改变 [intransitiveI] to continue to be true, good, available etc 继续适用[有效]

What I said yesterday holds.

我昨天说的仍然有效。

Does your invitation still hold?

你的邀请还算数吗？

hold true/good

Twenty years on, his advice still holds good.

过了二十年，他的建议依然适用。

weather/luck holds (out) (=continues to be good) 天气/运气保持良好

If our luck holds, we could reach the final.

如果继续走运，我们有望进入决赛。

15 stop/delay 停止/拖延 [transitiveT] spoken used in particular phrases to tell someone to wait or not to do something 〔用于某些短语中〕停止；别做〔某事〕

I’ll have a tuna fish sandwich please – and hold the mayo (=do not give me any).

请给我来一份金枪鱼三明治——不要蛋黄酱。

hold it!

Hold it! We’re not quite ready.

等等！我们还没准备好呢。

hold your horses! (=used to tell someone to do something more slowly or carefully) 慢点！别急！

16 hold your head up (also hold your head high) to behave as if you are proud of yourself or respect yourself 抬起头来，不垂头丧气

They may have lost the game, but I still think they’ve earned the right to hold their heads high today.

他们也许是输掉了这场比赛，但我仍然认为今天他们有权利昂首挺胸。

Examples from the Corpus

hold your head up• As a baby she may have had a hard time holding her head up, for example.• However, Linfield can hold their heads up high.• How else could a girl hold her head up in her family?• Her own cheeks had gone pale; her lids drooped over her eyes; she held her head up in her hand.• Just holding my head up like that.

17 hold your breath

a) to deliberately not breathe out for a short time 屏住呼吸

Hold your breath and count to ten.

屏住呼吸数到十。

b) to not breathe out and try not to make a sound because you do not want to be noticed 屏息静气

Julie shrank back against the wall and held her breath.

朱莉缩到墙边，屏住呼吸。

c) not hold your breath spoken used to say that you do not expect something to happen, even though someone has said it will 不指望某事发生

He promised he’d phone, but I’m not holding my breath.

他答应要打电话的，不过我可不指望他会打。

Examples from the Corpus

hold your breath• An anxious nation holds its breath.• It gave her the feeling that the whole world was holding its breath.• He discovered that he was holding his breath, and gulped for air.• Rachel held her breath as she waited for his answer.• We held our breaths, covering our nostrils and mouths with our hands.• She held her breath on another quick dart of guilt.• The art world will be holding its breath to see how much these paintings sell for at auction.• It stinks so bad you have to hold your breath until you come out.• Patrice held her breath, waiting for Lettie's reply.• Benjy rang the doorbell, then held his breath, waiting.

18 hold (your) fire

a) to not shoot at someone when you were going to 不开火

b) to not criticize, attack, or oppose someone when you were going to 不批评[攻击，反对]某人

The president urged his party to hold fire on the issue a few days longer.

总统敦促他的政党在这个问题上再忍耐几天，不要“开火”。

19 telephone 电话 [intransitiveI] (also hold the line) spoken to wait until the person you have telephoned is ready to answer 不挂断电话（等着）

Mr Stevens is busy at the moment – would you like to hold?

史蒂文斯先生现在正忙，你要等吗？

Please hold the line while I transfer you.

请稍等，我给您转接。

20 army 军队 [transitiveT]DEFEND if an army holds a place, it controls it or defends it from attack 防守，保卫；〔用武力〕占据

The French army held the town for three days.

法军在这个镇防守了三天。

21. musical note 音符 [transitiveT]APMCONTINUE/NOT STOP to make a musical note continue for a particular length of time 继续唱[奏]〔某音符〕

22 future 未来 [transitiveT] formal if the future holds something, that is what may happen 〔未来〕发生

Thousands of workers are waiting to see what the future holds.

几千名工人对未来的局势拭目以待。

23 have a quality 具有特质 [transitiveT] formal to have a particular quality 具备〔某种特质〕

hold (little) interest/appeal/promise etc

Many church services hold little appeal for modern tastes.

许多教堂的礼拜仪式对于现代人缺乏吸引力。

24 hold your own (against somebody) GOOD ATto successfully defend yourself or succeed in a difficult situation, competition etc 〔在困境、比赛等中〕固守阵地，（与某人）针锋相对

He was a good enough player to hold his own against the Americans.

他是个优秀的球员，有足够的能力与美国人较量。

Examples from the Corpus

hold your own (against somebody)• And he is bound to hold his own.• Well and nobly did... his gallant troops hold their own...• He and his government colleagues were confident they could hold their own against the mujahedin.• In many areas, Whigs clearly continued to hold their own amongst the squirearchy.• Then, holding her own breath and moving stealthily on tiptoe, she began to ease her way towards the exit.• Chaparral and forests resisted the invasion, and in some places they have held their own even against fire and development.• You hold your own life together.• Sharpe was holding his own sword low beside his stirrup, almost as if he could not be bothered to fight.

25. not hold a candle to somebody/something to be much worse than someone or something else 远比不上某人/某物，无法与某人/某物相比

Examples from the Corpus

not hold a candle to somebody/something• Dry herbs don't hold a candle to fresh ones.

26 be left holding the baby British EnglishBrE, be left holding the bag American EnglishAmE to be left as the only person responsible for dealing with a difficult situation, especially something someone else started 得独自收拾烂摊子

He was left holding the financial baby when his musical partner joined another band.

他的音乐搭档加入了另一支乐队，所以在经济上他不得不独力承担。

Examples from the Corpus

be left holding the baby• The difference is that you were left holding the baby.• Then he does something stupid with a television researcher and is left holding the baby.

27 hold sway to have a lot of influence or power 具有重大影响[权力]

Among people here, traditional values still hold sway.

在这里的人中，传统的价值观仍占主导地位。

Examples from the Corpus

hold sway• This of course benefits the income of the less expensive factor of production, as is inevitable when capital holds sway.• His reputedly Herculean virility long remained a byword throughout the district over which he held sway.• It's a place for Comici's drop-of-water philosophy to hold sway.• Suddenly new possibilities are springing to life where previously deadlock and despair held sway.• That is why we feel justified in saying that Realism has held sway for the last forty years.• The old communist party still holds sway in many rural areas.• The Marsh End at that time had at least two moles who held sway in their different ways over moles of their generation.• Nearly 10 years later, she still holds sway on Wall Street.• That romantic notion held sway over me, and probably delayed my perception of Clarisa as some one with a medical problem.• This all happened long ago, when priests held sway over the majority of the Irish people.

28 hold court to get the attention of everyone while you are talking, especially when you are trying to entertain people 吸引所有人的注意力

Joey would walk into the bar and hold court all night.

乔伊进了酒吧就会成为人们整晚注意的焦点。

Examples from the Corpus

hold court• Artists who have arrived at that position are expected to sit still and hold court.• For hour after hour, without a break, clearly relishing the attention, Kevorkian holds court.• Somewhere in the smoky crowd the authoress and photographer, Jill Freedman from New York, was holding court.• Ken Bradshaw was holding court among a handful of Waimea veterans.• Baseball raconteur Bill Rigney is holding court at a window table.• Instead, he could hold court for his many buyers in his studio garage.• In one corner, the Grand Duchess held court; in another, her husband, as befitted the challenger.• I am holding court, lady of the mansion.

29 hold your tongue spoken used to tell someone to stop talking or to not tell someone about something 闭上嘴；保持沉默

I reckon you’ve just got to learn to hold your tongue.

我认为你要学会管好你的嘴巴。

Examples from the Corpus

hold your tongue• If he was a count he would be doubly arrogant and she would not be able to hold her tongue.• She tried to talk him into letting her go, but he ordered her sharply to hold her tongue.• Out of sheer curiosity I held my tongue, and waited.• Learn to hold your tongue, Mistress Philippa, else grief will come of it.• You have to avoid being Nellie-know-all and hold your tongue to allow a younger generation to enjoy the fun of discovery.• Chastised, Elder Brother held his tongue, turning to look at Jinju as if to seek her support.• Jim was struggling to hold his tongue when Carole knocked on his door and walked in.• Stella was forced to hold her tongue when Dotty or Babs Osborne spoke slightingly of Meredith.

30 hold all the cards to have all the advantages in a situation in which people are competing or arguing 占绝对上风，占尽优势

‘There’s not much we can do. They seem to hold all the cards, ’ said Dan gloomily.

“我们没什么办法了，他们好像已经占了绝对优势。”丹沮丧地说。

Examples from the Corpus

hold all the cards• In areas such as research, larger well-financed firms hold all the cards.• Politically, the logging industry holds all the cards.• Men still held all the cards.• Nowhere else does the evolutionary battle take place in an arena where, in effect, one player holds all the cards.• He held all the cards and it would be an upset if he lost.• It seemed that he held all the cards and that there was nothing she could do but say 'yes'.• But it just seemed that he held all the cards, he made all the decisions.• Ross did hold all the cards, she acknowledged bitterly.

31. hold fast (to something) to keep believing strongly in something 坚信（某事）

Examples from the Corpus

hold fast (to something)• She tried to struggle, but she was held fast.• But ever since the day when she had faced her own fears she had held fast to her principles.• He kept his head, how-ever, and held fast to his golden apples.• Mr Buie held fast to his ground.• If the Court holds fast to its abnegation of this traditional role, it could mark a sea change in federal-state relations.• Bush urged the party to hold fast to its traditions.• Jeffries was trying to cut him to ribbons; and here was Gordon trying to hold fast to Jeffries' coattails.• I am like a shipwrecked survivor holding fast to the debris, awaiting the arrival of the scheduled liner.• Difficult to hold fast to time.

32. hold a conversation TALK TO somebodyto have a conversation 谈话，交谈

Examples from the Corpus

hold a conversation• This involved being around, or hanging around, just watching, recording, holding conversations.• She's getting better at speech now, and hold a conversation, but she doesn't understand some things.• In any case, she couldn't have held a conversation there.• What she did increasingly was to hold conversations with ha father from which Cara was carefully and deliberately excluded.• If you tried at all to hold a conversation with her, you found she was almost impossible to understand.• He just wouldn't hold a conversation with him.• If you can not hold a conversation with some one without getting out of breath then you are going too fast.• Aileen knew how to hold a conversation with twelve people and work hard at the same time.

33 hold the fort RESPONSIBLEto be responsible for something while the person usually responsible for it is not there 〔别人不在时〕代为处理事务

She’s holding the fort while the manager’s on holiday.

经理休假，她负责处理事务。

Examples from the Corpus

hold the fort• Junior Bryant has to hold the fort.• Filling the breach, holding the fort, and that kind of thing.• The evening was to take place as planned and Faith would hold the fort at Oaklands.• The three of you will be holding the fort in the kitchen tonight.• Just the three of you going to be holding the fort tonight.• You got us into this, was my uncharitable thought, now you hold the fort while we climb out of it.• It was Major Herriott's turn to get out of the office, having held the fort whilst his leader had been away.

34 hold the lead/advantage to be winning in a competition, game etc 〔在比赛等中〕领先

Celtic held the lead in the first half.

在上半场比赛中，凯尔特人队领先。

Examples from the Corpus

hold the lead/advantage• She held the lead and quietly plodded upward through the crisp snow that covered the long Baskan Glacier.• New Zealand held the lead for long periods and their frequent advantages depended on the only try of the match.• She held the lead in her gloved hands; behind her was Selene, with hers protected by a muff.• But this time Carlos Sainz, who had held the lead since Tuesday, came third in a Toyota.• In race one, Hodgson was able to get a better run through the backmarkers and hold the lead to the line.

35. there’s no holding somebody (back) spokenENTHUSIASTICENJOY/LIKE DOING something used to say that someone is so determined to do something that you cannot prevent them from doing it 无法阻止某人〔做某事〕

Examples from the Corpus

there’s no holding somebody (back)• For Casey, there was no holding back when it came to music.

36. can hold your drink/liquor/alcohol etc DRUNKto be able to drink a lot of alcohol without getting drunk or ill 酒量很大

37. not hold water UNTRUEif an excuse, a statement etc does not hold water, it does not seem to be true or reasonable 〔借口、陈述等〕站不住脚，不可信

Examples from the Corpus

not hold water• His account of events simply doesn't hold water.• It may seem logical, but his argument doesn't hold water.• But there are times when this theory just does not hold water.• This argument just does not hold water.

38 hold something/somebody dear IMPORTANT formal to care about something or someone a lot 珍视某物/某人

We were facing the loss of everything we held dear.

我们面临着失去全部所爱的可能。

39. hold the road TTCif a car holds the road well, you can drive it quickly around bends without losing control 〔汽车急转弯时〕抓地性能良好

Examples from the Corpus

hold the road• Lucker has difficulty holding the road.

n40. hold that thought spoken used to tell someone to remember what has just been said and then continue discussing it or thinking about it later

→ hold a course at course1(8)

THESAURUS

hold to have something in your hand, hands, or arms 握住，抓住；抱住

Maria came in holding a letter.

玛丽亚手里拿着一封信走进来。

Can I hold the baby?

我可以抱抱宝宝吗？

grip to hold something very tightly and not let it go 紧握，紧抓

He gripped her arm so she couldn’t walk away.

他紧紧抓住她的胳膊不让她走开。

Jenny gripped the side of the boat to steady herself.

珍妮紧紧抓住船帮来稳住自己。

clutch to hold something tightly, especially because you do not want to drop or lose it 紧握，紧抓〔尤因不想摔掉或失去某物〕

A businessman hurried past, clutching his briefcase.

一个生意人手中紧抓着公文包匆匆走过。

nThe little girl clutched onto his hand.

clasp written to hold someone or something tightly, closing your fingers or arms around them 握紧；抱紧

She was clasping a bunch of small summer flowers.

她紧紧握着一束夏天的小花。

He clasped her in his arms and kissed her.

他将她紧紧搂在怀里亲吻她。

get/take hold of something to take something in your hand or hands and hold it 抓住某物，握住某物

I took hold of the handle and pulled as hard as I could.

我抓住把手狠命一拉。

nQuickly – try and get hold of that frog!

grasp written to take hold of something firmly, especially in a determined way 〔尤指坚决地〕握紧

She grasped the lowest branch and pulled herself up into the tree.

她紧紧抓住最下面那根树枝，纵身一跃爬到树上。

grab to take hold of something suddenly and often violently 攫取，抓住

He grabbed my bag and ran off with it.

他抢过我的包就逃走了。

nThe other man grabbed hold of (=suddenly took hold of ) my arms and threatened me with a knife.

seize /siːz/ written to take hold of something suddenly and often violently 〔突然猛力地〕抓取，攫取

A police officer ran after him and seized the gun.

一名警察在后面追他，并夺下他的枪。

hang on (to something) to hold on to something or someone tightly to support yourself 紧紧抓住某物〔以免自己跌倒〕

He hung on to the rail at the back of the motorbike.

他紧紧抓住摩托车的后扶手。

nHang on tight!

keep hold of something to continue to hold something 抓着某物

Greg was struggling to keep hold of the dog.

格雷格拼命抓着那条狗不松手。

nShe tried to take her hand away but he kept hold of it.

PHRASAL VERBS

41 hold something against somebody phrasal verbphr v FORGIVEto continue to dislike someone or not forgive them because of something bad they have done in the past 〔因某事〕对〔某人〕怀恨在心，对〔某人〕有怨愤

You can’t still hold that against him, surely?

你不会还对他怀恨在心，是吧？

Examples from the Corpus

hold against • She holds me tightly against her on one side, my sister on the other.• Some simply hold her gender against her.• I've never held it against him, but I've always wondered why.• But no one held this against him.• Branson held no grudge against Rodney Birbeck.• They carried parasols and held them against the driving snow as they minced along in three-inch clogs.• The figure holds a spear against the right side of his body.• They are concerned with grievances held by individuals against the two Government Departments who administer social security benefits.

42 hold back phrasal verbphr v

a) hold somebody/something ↔ backSTOP MOVING to make someone or something stop moving forward 阻挡[抑制]某人/某事物

Police in riot gear held back the demonstrators.

配有防暴装备的警察挡住了示威者。

b) hold something ↔ backNOT DO something to stop yourself from feeling or showing a particular emotion 控制〔情感〕

She struggled to hold back her tears.

她竭力忍住眼泪。

Anger flooded through her. She couldn’t hold it back.

她怒火中烧，无法控制。

c) hold somebody/something ↔ backPREVENT to prevent someone or something from making progress 阻碍某人/某事（的发展）

They felt the British economy was being held back by excessive government controls.

他们感到，由于政府过度控制，英国的经济发展受到了阻碍。

d) hold (somebody) backWILLING to be unwilling to do something, especially because you are being careful, or to make someone unwilling to do something 〔尤指因谨慎而〕（使）犹豫，踌躇

In the current situation many investors are holding back.

在目前形势下，许多投资者退缩了。

She wanted to tell him but pride held her back.

她想告诉他，可是自尊让她犹豫了。

e) hold something ↔ backSECRET to keep something secret 隐瞒〔某事〕

Tell me all about it – don’t hold anything back!

把这事全部告诉我，什么都别隐瞒！

Examples from the Corpus

hold back• Bill leapt to his feet to go after the girl, but the others held him back.• But reading the reports can provide reassurance that nothing was held back.• Once I had that suit, there was no holding back.• These warnings aside-and they're pretty obvious-don't hold back.• He wanted to tell her everything, but something made him hold back.• I wanted to laugh, but I managed to hold it back.• She struggled to hold her feelings back.• Sarah held back a sob of relief.• Riven held back as Bicker, Corrary and Isay piled into them.• Republicans have expressed interest in the plan but have held back from making a commitment.• Jack held back his tears and pretended not to be disappointed.• She always felt that being a woman had held her back in her career.• The poor economic situation has held back investment in new technology.• Was he holding back on something?• My father held me back, otherwise I would have rushed up onto the stage.• Like, holding back something valuable.• The police had already erected crash barriers to hold back the advancing crowds.• They put up huge barriers to hold back the crowd.• We can make some progress, but all we can do is hold back the forest destruction.• It is, to be sure, highly unlikely that superstars hold back their best ideas.

hold somebody/something ↔ back• Its plush vegetation crowded the restraining fence that had been made strong, damned near impregnable, to hold it back.• No walls, no fences, nothing to hold him back.• Suddenly she holds some back as if still determined to drive the hardest possible bargain.• That wildfire feeling might have got a hold a month back, but it would not be allowed to do so again.• The whistle postponed it, held it back until announcing the morning shift at six.• I had to eat with one hand and hold the hair back with the other-it was so fiddly.

hold something ↔ back• His wife had to hold him back.• Its plush vegetation crowded the restraining fence that had been made strong, damned near impregnable, to hold it back.• No walls, no fences, nothing to hold him back.• Suddenly she holds some back as if still determined to drive the hardest possible bargain.• That wildfire feeling might have got a hold a month back, but it would not be allowed to do so again.• I had to eat with one hand and hold the hair back with the other-it was so fiddly.

hold somebody/something ↔ back• His wife had to hold him back.• Its plush vegetation crowded the restraining fence that had been made strong, damned near impregnable, to hold it back.• No walls, no fences, nothing to hold him back.• Suddenly she holds some back as if still determined to drive the hardest possible bargain.• That wildfire feeling might have got a hold a month back, but it would not be allowed to do so again.• The whistle postponed it, held it back until announcing the morning shift at six.• I had to eat with one hand and hold the hair back with the other-it was so fiddly.

hold (somebody) back• His wife had to hold him back.• No walls, no fences, nothing to hold him back.• Suddenly she holds some back as if still determined to drive the hardest possible bargain.• That wildfire feeling might have got a hold a month back, but it would not be allowed to do so again.• The whistle postponed it, held it back until announcing the morning shift at six.• I had to eat with one hand and hold the hair back with the other-it was so fiddly.

hold something ↔ back• His wife had to hold him back.• Its plush vegetation crowded the restraining fence that had been made strong, damned near impregnable, to hold it back.• Suddenly she holds some back as if still determined to drive the hardest possible bargain.• That wildfire feeling might have got a hold a month back, but it would not be allowed to do so again.• The whistle postponed it, held it back until announcing the morning shift at six.

43 hold somebody/something ↔ down phrasal verbphr v

a) to make someone or something stay on something, and stop them from moving away or escaping 控制；固定〔以防某物移走或某人逃脱〕

We had to hold the tent down with rocks to stop it blowing away.

我们只好用石块将帐篷压住免得被吹走。

It took three strong men to hold him down.

三个壮汉才制住了他。

b) PREVENTCONTROLto prevent the level of something such as prices from rising 抑制〔价格等〕的上升

We will aim to hold down prices.

我们将力求抑制价格上涨。

c) JOB/WORK hold down a job to succeed in keeping a job for a period of time 〔暂时〕保住工作[职位]

He’s never held down a job for longer than a few weeks.

他从来没有把一份工作保住几周以上。

d) CONTROLto keep people under control or limit their freedom 控制，压制

The people were held down for centuries by their conquerors.

这个民族被征服者压制了几个世纪。

Examples from the Corpus

hold down• A place far off with responsibilities to hold him down.• Despite this, in most areas we are continuing to hold our rates down.• I threw myself on top of the wheelbarrow to hold it down as he passed.• The length of time you hold it down determines the strength of the kick.• Fearing urban unrest, the government holds grain prices down to levels that make it unattractive to farm.• Remember, do not hold the glider down too close to the ground, 5 to 10 feet is safer.• The thieves have been forcing their way into the homes of elderly people, holding them down while searching for their savings.• If the Niners hold them down, will this defense get its due?

hold down a job• Kelly wants to prove to his father that he can hold down a job.• But if you are schizophrenic, you can not think straight, concentrate, hold down a job.• People with long-term mental disorder have many problems in holding down a job.• Who would employ her and how would she hold down a job?• During the day they held down jobs as, respectively, a waitress and delivery driver.• Clarke holds down two jobs to support his family.• Rella could hold down jobs, when she wanted to.• Frye was expounding on the dangers of holding down a job while taking a full load of courses.

44 hold forth phrasal verbphr v TALK TO somebodyto give your opinion on a subject, especially for a long time 〔尤指长篇大论地〕发表议论

The speaker was holding forth on the collapse of modern society.

演说者正在就现代社会的崩溃大发议论。

Examples from the Corpus

hold forth• What right did anybody have to hold forth about his marriage?• Tom was in the corner, holding forth about the economic situation.• They like being the centre of attention, are more narcissistic, and more likely to hold forth about their achievements.• Grandma was holding forth as usual, retelling all the old family stories.• After a few drinks, he would hold forth for hours on government conspiracy theories.• Archer could hear Lawrence Lefferts, at that very hour, holding forth on the disintegration of society.

hold on• And how will it feel after he has held forth on television for five years?• David Lean held forth on the disastrous state of the movie industry.• Archer could hear Lawrence Lefferts, at that very hour, holding forth on the disintegration of society.

45 hold off phrasal verbphr v

a) WAITto delay doing something 拖延，推迟

Buyers have been holding off until the price falls.

买家们一直按兵不动，等待价格下跌。

hold off (on) doing something

Hold off making your decision until Monday.

等到星期一再作决定吧。

b) hold somebody ↔ offDEFEND

i. to prevent someone who is trying to attack or defeat you from succeeding 对抗某人，抵挡住某人

Not even a gun could hold him off forever.

即使用枪也不能永远挡住他。

ii. to prevent someone from coming towards you or succeeding in speaking to you 阻止某人靠近；阻止某人和你谈话

There’s already a crowd of reporters outside – I’ll try to hold them off for a while.

外面已经有一群记者了——我会想法挡住他们一会儿。

c) DNif rain or bad weather holds off, it does not start, although it looked as if it would 〔雨、雪等〕延缓，迟迟不来

The rain held off until after the game.

这场雨直到比赛结束才开始下。

Examples from the Corpus

hold off• At that point our troops were too weak to hold them off.• The bunkers were built on the cliffs to hold off the enemy's landing forces.

hold off (on) doing something• Businesses are holding off on hiring new employees.• And while San Francisco Tomorrow has come out against the ballpark, other major environmental organizations have so far held off.• By holding off on both at least until next year, Clerides has created some diplomatic breathing space.• DiGenova said Starr may ask the jurors to hold off or limit their questioning.• For some of those years I had thought it might hold off the crack-up.• He had to keep dazzling the crowds to hold off his detractors.• I won't have to understand what has occurred if I hold off from consciously realizing that it has happened.• If Electronics had not held off its creditors, it would have collapsed, bringing Magnetics down with it.• Umbrellas could be made of oiled cloth, so that they did incidentally hold off the rain.

46 hold on phrasal verbphr v

a) spoken

i. WAITto wait for a short time 等会儿

Hold on, I’ll just get my coat.

等一等，我去拿外衣。

ii. SURPRISEDused when you have just noticed, heard, or remembered something interesting or wrong 等一下，等等〔表示注意到、听到或记起令人感兴趣或不妥的事〕

Hold on a minute! Isn’t that your brother’s car over there?

等一下！那边不是你兄弟的车吗？

iii. WAITused to ask someone on the telephone to wait until the person they want to talk to is available 别挂断电话

Can you hold on? I’ll try to find her.

请别挂好吗？我去找找她看。

b) to have your hands or arms tightly around something 紧紧抓住[抱住]

Hold on tight!

抓紧了！

Hold on to my arm.

抓紧我的胳膊。

c) CONTINUE/NOT STOPto continue doing something that is very difficult to do 坚持下去

San Francisco held on to win 4–2.

旧金山队顽强拼搏，以4比2赢了比赛。

Examples from the Corpus

hold on• Hold on - I haven't finished yet.

hold to• She can walk now without holding on to anything.• This might enable them to hold on to around 100 of their present 270 seats.• Whitman won because she held on to conservatives.• To Marquand, MacDonald's real fault was that he held on to his nineteenth-century principles for too long.• He wasn't sure that he would be given a chance to hold on to his wife.• Still holding on to it, he nodded and went out to where the Audi was parked.• Once I picked it up, I just wanted to make sure I held on to it.• He could hold on to office even though so severely disabled as to be unable to lead.• These beautiful new books, filled with morals and happy endings, help us hold on to our storytelling heritage.

47 hold on to somebody/something phrasal verbphr v KEEP/CONTINUE TO HAVEto keep something rather than losing it, selling it, or giving it to someone else 守住，保住

The soldiers held on to the bridge for three more days.

士兵们又把这座桥守了三天。

I think I’ll hold on to these old records for now.

我想我会暂时保留这些老唱片的。

Examples from the Corpus

hold on to • This might enable them to hold on to around 100 of their present 270 seats.• Whitman won because she held on to conservatives.• To Marquand, MacDonald's real fault was that he held on to his nineteenth-century principles for too long.• He wasn't sure that he would be given a chance to hold on to his wife.• Once I picked it up, I just wanted to make sure I held on to it.• He could hold on to office even though so severely disabled as to be unable to lead.• These beautiful new books, filled with morals and happy endings, help us hold on to our storytelling heritage.

48 hold out phrasal verbphr v

a) HOPE hold out something to think or say that something is possible or likely to happen, especially something good 抱有希望；提供机会；使有可能

not hold out much hope/hold out little hope

Negotiators aren’t holding out much hope of a peaceful settlement.

谈判人员对和平解决并不抱很大希望。

hold out the prospect/promise of something

alternative methods which hold out the promise of improved health

可望改善健康状况的另类方法

b) FINISH/USE ALL OF somethingif a supply of something holds out, there is still some left 〔供给品的〕维持，持续

Water supplies won’t hold out much longer.

供水维持不了多久了。

c) DEFENDto continue to successfully defend a place that is being attacked 守住

The rebels held out for another night but then fresh forces arrived.

叛乱分子又守了一个晚上，但是接着增援部队到了。

d) to try to prevent yourself from doing something that someone is trying to force you to do 坚持〔不做别人强迫之事〕

against

I didn’t know how much longer I could hold out against their relentless questioning.

对于他们没完没了的盘问我不知道自己还能坚持多久。

Examples from the Corpus

hold out the prospect/promise of something• So too the yawning depths of the wave, even while threatening annihilation, hold out the promise of rebirth.• It holds out the promise of swifter verdicts.• Although Leapor accepts that many women are guilty of inconstancy and immoderate behaviour, she none the less holds out the prospect of transformation.

hold against• But still she doubted her ability to hold out against him.• You can not will yourself to hold out against reality.• All they have to do is to hold out against substandard systems and apply pragmatic criteria in the face of technical jargon.• The workers held out for several months against the closure of the mine, but they were eventually defeated.• Only Rugby Union holds out against the commercial tide despite widespread speculation about covert payments to players.• If you just try to defend and hold out against them, it wears you down.

49 hold out for something phrasal verbphr v ASK FOR something/ASK somebody TO DO somethingto not accept anything less than you have asked for 坚持要求

Transport workers are holding out for a 20% pay rise.

运输业工作者坚持要求加薪20%。

Examples from the Corpus

hold out for • Or maybe we should hold out for a bid from Big Oil.• It crossed my mind to hold out for a job in corporate finance.• Another dissented from the final figure, holding out for a lower award.• What if Mr Hall held out for a while before settling up?• We can hold out for days.• Should they compromise with Clinton over a piece of the tax-cut pie or hold out for the whole pie?

50 hold out on somebody phrasal verbphr v informal TELL A SECRETto not tell someone about something important 隐瞒〔重要事情〕

She must have been holding out on him all these years.

这些年来她肯定一直瞒着他。

Examples from the Corpus

hold out on • Harry would know that his brother was holding out on him, as he always did.• Now, I suppose I regret holding out on him.• They are holding out on me.• Mrs Sweet was holding out on the police.• They must think we're holding out on them.

51 hold something over phrasal verbphr v

a) DELAY formal to do or deal with something at a later time 推迟，搁置

The matter was held over for further review.

这件事被搁置起来待进一步审议。

n Grammar

Hold over is usually passive in this meaning.

→ holdover

b) THREATEN hold something over somebody to use something bad that you know about someone to make them do what you want 以某事要挟某人

He knows I’ve been in prison and is holding it over me.

他知道我曾坐过牢，便以此要挟我。

c) be held over especially American EnglishAmEAMFCONTINUE/NOT STOPSUCCESSFUL if a play, film, concert etc is held over, it is shown for longer than planned because it is very popular 〔戏剧、电影、音乐会等因受欢迎〕公演时间被延长

Examples from the Corpus

be held over• A White House compilation of the events shows 70 coffees were held over 18 months.• A record dated 1665 shows that at that time the archery contests were held over 4 days.• One of the finest Brooklands races, the June 1914 Aeroplane Handicap, was held over a nine mile course.• The dates are held over email, and women reveal their most intimate desires over the phones.• Or, given the complexities of the issue and the importance, the suit could be held over for a full-blown review.• Accepting the logic of this situation the matter was held over for further review at a later Department Head meeting.• More random checks are to be held over the next few weeks.• I have recently returned from a Polaris orienteering competition, which was held over two days in Exmoor.

52 hold to something phrasal verbphr v

a) if you hold to a belief, principle, promise etc, you believe it or behave according to it 信奉〔信念、原则等〕；信守〔诺言〕

He admitted he did not hold to the traditional view of God.

他承认自己不认同对上帝的传统看法。

b) PROMISE hold somebody to something to make someone do what they have promised 要求某人恪守诺言

‘I’ll ask him tomorrow.’ ‘OK, but I’m going to hold you to that.’

“我明天问他。”“好吧，不过我要你说话算数。”

c) hold somebody to something British EnglishBrEDS to prevent your opponent in a sports game from getting more than a particular number of points 〔在体育比赛中〕不让对手超过〔某一得分〕

Norway held Holland to a 2–2 draw.

挪威队以2比2逼平荷兰队。

53 hold together phrasal verbphr v

a) if a group or an organization holds together, or if something holds it together, it stays strong and does not separate into different parts or groups （使）团结，（使）不分裂

Against all expectations, the coalition held together well.

和各种预料截然相反，这个联盟很团结。

hold something ↔ together

In those days the church held the community together.

在那个年代，教会将社区团结在一起。

b) GOOD ENOUGHto remain whole and good enough to use, or to make something do this （使）保持完好

Incredibly, the raft held together till we reached the opposite shore.

真令人难以置信，筏子一直把我们载到对岸还没散架。

hold something ↔ together

I wondered how the structure was held together.

我不知道这个结构是怎么结合在一起的。

Examples from the Corpus

hold together• Fold into the matzo mixture, adding matzo meal to make the mixture hold together.• I spent as much time wondering how the dome was held together as I did actually climbing.• Coordination number Ionic Crystals Ions in an ionic crystal are held together by electrostatic forces.• Adjacent layers are held together by weak van der Waals forces.• That framework has held together for more than twenty-five years.• Add more water if mixture seems dry; dough should just hold together in large lumps.• Despite many stresses and strains, it held together to the end, a great achievement.

54 hold up phrasal verbphr v

a) SUPPORT/HOLD UP hold something ↔ up to support something and prevent it from falling down 支撑某物

The roof is held up by massive stone pillars.

屋顶是用几根粗大的石柱支撑住的。

b) DELAY hold somebody/something ↔ up to delay someone or something 耽搁某人/阻延某事

Sorry I’m late – I was held up at work.

对不起我来晚了，我给工作耽搁了。

n Grammar

Hold up is often passive in this meaning.

c) hold up somethingSTEAL to rob or try to rob a place or person by using violence （试图）抢劫

Two armed men held up a downtown liquor store last night.

昨晚两名持枪男子抢劫了市中心一家售酒的商店。

→ hold-up

d) SAMEto not become weaker 保持强壮

His physical condition has held up well.

他的身体保养得非常好。

Examples from the Corpus

hold up• They should have finished that job on Friday - what's holding them up?• Why don't we use some of these pieces of wood to hold it up?• Her stubbornness on this one issue is holding the whole deal up.• He was arrested and charged with holding up a cab driver.• The peace talks are being held up by continued fighting on the border.• I won't hold you up - I can see you're in a hurry.• We got held up in traffic and missed the show.• We can't knock that wall down. It's the one that holds up the house.• These poles hold up the outer part of the tent.• The men who held up the store were wearing Halloween masks.• Get a move on, you two! You're holding up the whole queue!• The only thing holding the wall up was a frail-looking section of scaffolding.• Protesters held up work on the new road.

55 hold somebody/something up as something phrasal verbphr v EXAMPLEto use someone or something as a good example or as proof of something 将…作为榜样[证明]

The school is held up as a model for others.

这所学校被树为其他学校的榜样。

This incident will be held up as proof that tougher controls are needed.

该事件将作为需要采取更严格的控制措施的明证。

Examples from the Corpus

hold up as • Read Charles Evers' book and hold him up as a model of racial harmony.

held up as a model• In fact, the profiles that are held up as models for the United States to follow are ineffective and discriminatory.

56 hold with something phrasal verbphr v AGREE not hold with something British EnglishBrE used to say that someone does not approve of something 不同意某事，反对某事

He says he doesn’t hold with all this politically correct stuff.

他说他并不赞成这些政治上正确的东西。

not hold with doing something

I don’t hold with hitting children in any circumstances.

在任何情况下我都不赞同打孩子。

Examples from the Corpus

not hold with something• Although he did not hold with lies, there were occasions when they were the best option.

Examples from the Corpus

hold• Each carton holds 113 oranges.• Militant prisoners held 24 guards hostage on Friday, as jail unrest spread throughout the country.• No one knows where the kidnapped woman is being held.• She held a baby in her arms.• A smiling woman holding a can of beer came over to us.• In the photograph there was a small boy holding a flag.• No state yet to hold a primary has as many major media markets as Ohio.• She works for Le Monde, where the staff hold a significant stake in the company.• A blank data disk can hold about 360,000 characters.• Galvanized metal buckets, filled with ice, can hold beverages such as small bottles of ice tea, juices and water.• Twenty-four solar systems held by the enemy had recently been destroyed.• Several tourists were being held captive by rebels in Kashmir.• Lost items will be held for thirty days.• So she rode slowly through them, mostly holding her breath and praying that they wouldn't charge at her.• I held her until she went to sleep.• I held him under the spigot and squeezed his chest as the icy water ran over him.• I got the post office to hold our mail while we were on vacation.• I took a glass of champagne from the tray the waiter held out.• a situation in which a husband and wife both hold shares in a family company• IBM still holds shares in the new company.• I just want a shelf that will hold some plants.• Heat the stock in a pot large enough to hold the fish.• I held the money tightly in my hand.• The Van Gogh holds the world auction price record of $ 82.5m.• Plans are well advanced to hold two-day Workshops for staff of colleges invited to progress their Pilot Proposals to Stage 2.• Police are holding two men for questioning in connection with the robbery.• As long as the mild weather holds, you can keep planting.

hold something in your hand/arms• He longed to be holding one in his hands.• The next moment he held Iphigenia in his arms.• I held him in my arms as he clutched at me, then relaxed, then shuddered into sleep.• If you hold it in your hands it gets warm.• One of us takes the tiniest moment and holds it in our hands, recalling it in all its particulars.• Cara held it in her hands, staring at it, unbelieving.• Was it because the man who held her in his arms was a confident and easy dancer?• Now she held it in her hand with the cross, a silent pleading for Rob's return.

held talks with• The company also has held talks with Apple Computer about a technology sponsorship that could include kiosks at the facility.• On Feb. 21 Kravchuk held talks with opposition representatives on the possibility of forming a coalition government.• Councillors have already held talks with the town's bus operators with a view to reducing the number of vehicles using the centre.

hold something in place/position• Bone, plastic, wood or pearl-handled cutlery Exposure to very hot water can soften the glue holding the handle in place.• I was also told that I have to put plywood on the ceiling to hold the tiles in place.• Impale each stack with a bamboo stick to hold the bales in place.• The former system involved the operative having to attach more than 20 bands at a time to hold a mould in position.• The nearby industry of the war years held the community in place.• A sturdy retaining wall will hold everything in place and you can use soil taken from other areas to fill in gaps.• It will need to have a ledge to support the reading material and strong clamps to hold pages in place are useful.• I held it in place, clutched at my side.

hold the post/position/office etc (of something)• A Republican held the office of County Board president, easily second only to the office of mayor in political power.• He held the post during Milosevic's authoritarian rule.• He also holds the posts of Prime Minister and Defence Minister.• He currently holds the post of chief operating officer.• He has also held the position of factory manager.• In both cases Black might still be able to hold the position.• None of these men held the office over three months.• The Federals held the position nearer the coveted town.

be widely/generally/commonly held• The belief that if you are over twenty-five you are too old is commonly held.• Scarman identified two views that were commonly held as to the causation of the disorders.• It was generally held on or about the feast day of the patron saint to whom the church was dedicated.• Informal briefings and seminars are generally held over the lunch-time period, which is only flexible for scientific and administrative staff.• But it is commonly held that Mind and Matter both have existence, separately, one from the other.• Thus it is commonly held that services are economic activities whose output is not a physical product.• In the city a bold and beautiful young man named Bellerophon was generally held to be his son.• Particular substances were commonly held to possess magical and even medical potential.

privately-held• Most recently, he was chief executive officer of Cibus Pharmaceutical Inc., a privately held drugdelivery company.• Never having designed anything like this before Cusick privately held many worries about the cost and ease of manufacturing these props.• P., his privately held company, of $ 2 billion.• Pursue is a privately held energy company.• S., most timber is grown on privately held land and is sold at auction.• The privately held company, founded in 1989, is one of the fastest-growing technology startups.• Y., it remains privately held.

held steady• Bonds held steady and the dollar rose against the yen.• Standard's market price held steady at 430p.• Unemployment held steady at a low 5. 6 percent in December, Labor Department figures showed today.• The tow held steady, but the weight of it was forcing him further and further off the wind.• To pick up the reflected signals, the cellphone has to be held steady for a few seconds, says Lubecke.• Exports had doubled from 1700 to 1740 to a value of £1,164,000 which generally held steady until the 1760s.

hold true/good• In the event of a fuel pump failure the same reserve holds good.• If past experience holds true, about 10% of the injured will need immediate surgery.• The same trend holds true at the Capital Coin and Stamp Shop.• Some physicists argue that the need for an observer holds true even for such massive objects as the Moon.• The same holds true for all the other advice agencies in your area.• The same might hold true for every civilization.• What held good for Stoke Poges held good for the Western Isles.• The same holds true for the three P.wickerhamii introns.• But the Freudian maxim holds true: Laughter is just an expression of fear.

hold it!• Hold it a minute! I've just had a really good idea.• Hold it! Sara just lost a contact lens.

what the future holds• Hankin, as well as the players, press and supporters, do not know what the future holds.• It is important, however, to distinguish between the current situation and what the future holds.• Male speaker Because we don't know what the disorder is, we can't tell the family what the future holds.• They should settle with Clinton rather than gamble on what the future holds.• Tonight, we look at other memorable programmes from the archives and ask what the future holds?• Who knows what the future holds?• With the growth that seems likely over the next few years one can not help asking what the future holds.

hold (little) interest/appeal/promise etc• For the moment Christmas on the slopes holds little promise.• But, for the most part, the news surely held little interest for her.• Richard Branson holds little appeal for them.• The models of the last 30 years hold little interest for those in Bird Land.• The Group now holds interests in 20 fields in production.• Carso holds interests in a wide range of industries, including mining, auto parts, cigarettes and retail.• Others hold interests in racetracks, which depend on political goodwill for additional racing dates.• Clark's work clearly holds promise of a new class of antimalarials, even though there is much still to be done.

词汇	hold
释义	hold Word family noun hold holder holding holdallholdbackholderbatholdfastholding companyholding patternholdoutholdoververb hold hold1 /həʊld $ hoʊld/ ●●● S1 W1 verb (past tensepst and past participlepp held /held/) 1 in your hand/arms 在手中/怀抱中 a) [transitiveT]HOLD to have something in your hand, hands, or arms 握住，抓住；抱住 Could you hold my bag for me? 你能帮我拿着包吗？ hold something in your hand/arms He was holding a knife in one hand. 他手中拿着一把刀。 I held the baby in my arms. 我把宝宝抱在怀里。 hold hands (=hold each other’s hands) 手拉着手 They sat holding hands under a tree. 他们手拉着手坐在树下。 hold somebody close/tightly (=with your arms around someone) 紧抱某人 Max held her close and wiped away her tears. 马克斯抱紧她并给她擦去眼泪。 b) [transitiveT always + adverbadv/prepositionprep]MOVE something OR somebody to move your hand or something in your hand in a particular direction 使〔手、手持之物〕处于某种位置 hold something out/up etc He held out his hand to help her to her feet. 他伸出手帮助她站起来。 Hold the picture up so we can see it. 把图片举高好让我们看到。 2 event 事件 [transitiveT] to have a meeting, party, election etc in a particular place or at a particular time 召开；举行；进行 This year’s conference will be held at the Hilton Hotel. 今年的会议将在希尔顿酒店召开。 A thanksgiving ceremony was held to mark the occasion. 举行了一个感恩仪式以庆祝这一特别的时刻。 The funeral was held on a grey day in November. 葬礼在11月的一个阴天举行。 In April, the president held talks with Chinese leaders. 4月，总统和中国领导人举行了会谈。 3 keep STH in position 使某物保持在某种位置上 [transitiveT] to make something stay in a particular position 使〔某物〕保持〔在某种位置上〕 hold something open/up etc We used rolled-up newspapers to hold the windows open. 我们用卷起的报纸抵住窗户让它们开着。 Remember to hold your head up and keep your back straight. 记住要抬头挺胸。 hold something in place/position A couple of screws should hold it in place. 几个螺钉就可以把它固定住了。 Lift your head off the floor and hold this position for five seconds. 把头抬离地面，保持这个姿势五秒钟。 4 job/title 工作/头衔JOB/WORK [transitiveT] a) to have a particular job or position, especially an important one 担任〔尤指重要职位〕 Do you really think he’s capable of holding such a responsible position? 你真的认为他能担任这个责任重大的职位吗？ hold the post/position/office etc (of something) She was the first woman to hold the office of Australian state premier. 她是第一位担任澳大利亚州总理的女性。 The governor had held the post since 1989. 那位州长自1989年起一直在任。 Whoever is elected will hold office (=have an important political position) for four years. 当选者任期为四年。 b) to have a particular title or record, because you have won a competition, are the best at something etc 拥有〔头衔、称号〕；保持〔纪录〕 The programme still holds the record for the longest running TV series. 该节目仍然保持着播放时间最长的电视系列节目这一纪录。 The last Briton to hold the title was Bert Nicholson. 最后一名拥有该称号的英国人是伯特•尼科尔森。 5 keep/store 保留/保存 [transitiveT] to keep something to be used when it is needed 保存，保留〔以备后用〕 Further copies of the book are held in the library. 这本书在图书馆还存有一些。 Weapons were held at various sites. 武器存放在不同地点。 6 keep STH available for SB 为某人保留某物 [transitiveT] to agree not to give something such as a ticket, a place at a restaurant, a job etc to anyone except a particular person 〔为某人〕保留〔票、餐厅座位、工作等〕 We can hold the reservation for you until next Friday. 我们可以把您的预订保留到下星期五。 hold something open You can’t expect them to hold the job open for much longer – you’ll have to decide whether you want it or not. 不要以为他们还会保留这个空缺职位很长时间——你必须决定要不要接受。 7 keep SB somewhere 把某人关在某处 [transitiveT] to keep someone somewhere, and not allow them to leave 关押，扣留 Police are holding two men in connection with the robbery. 警方拘留了同抢劫案有关联的两名男子。 hold somebody prisoner/hostage/captive A senior army officer was held hostage for four months. 一名高级军官被扣押为人质达四个月。 hold somebody incommunicado (=keep someone somewhere and not allow them to communicate with anyone) 单独囚禁某人 8 opinion 观点 [transitiveT not in progressive] to have a particular opinion or belief 持有，怀有〔某种观点或信念〕 Experts hold varying opinions as to the causes of the disease. 专家们对该病的病因各持不同意见。 be widely/generally/commonly held (=be the opinion of a lot of people) 普遍认为 This view is not widely held. 持这种观点的人并不多见。 be held to be something She was held to be one of the most talented actors of her time. 她被认为是她那个时代最有天赋的演员之一。 hold that The judge held that the child’s interests in this case must come first. 法官认为，该案必须首先考虑孩子的利益。 9 hold somebody responsible/accountable/liable (for something) to say or decide that someone should accept the responsibility for something bad that happens 认为某人应该（为某事）负责，要某人（对某事）负责 If anything happens to her, I’ll hold you personally responsible. 如果她出了什么事，我就唯你是问。 He may have had a terrible childhood, but he should still be held accountable for his own actions. 他的童年也许是很不幸，但他仍然要为自己的行为负责。 Examples from the Corpus hold somebody responsible/accountable/liable (for something)• Then he told Hepzibah he'd hold her responsible!• She would have been held personally responsible and would almost certainly have fallen from office.• He was held not liable as there was a real and imminent danger and he had done what was reasonably necessary.• The jury that held Simpson liable consisted of six men and six women, ranging in age from mid-20s to mid-70s.• You can not learn team performance without being part of a team that holds itself mutually accountable for achieving specific performance goals.• I hold the police responsible for my son's death Voice over Police denied any knowledge of who was on the bike.• In the past, juries have usually sided with the industry, holding smokers liable for the damage they inflict on themselves.• Please, however, do not think that I hold you responsible, in any way, for my own uncertainty. 10 own STH 拥有某物 [transitiveT]OWN to officially own or possess money, a document, a company etc 持有，拥有〔金钱、证件、公司等〕 He holds shares in ICI. 他持有帝国化学工业集团的股份。 Do you hold a valid passport? 你持有有效护照吗？ a privately-held company 私有公司 ► see thesaurus at own 11 contain a particular amount 容纳某一数量 [transitiveT not in progressive] to have the space to contain a particular amount of something 容纳 The movie theater holds 500 people. 这家电影院能容纳500人。 The tank should hold enough to last us a few days. 油箱应该可以存足够的油，让我们用上几天。 12 support 支撑 [intransitiveI, transitiveT] to be strong enough to support the weight of something or someone 能承受，支撑〔重量〕 Careful! I’m not sure that branch will hold you. 小心！我觉得那根树枝承受不了你的重量。 The bridge didn’t look as though it would hold. 那座桥似乎要撑不住了。 13 stay at same level 保持相同水平 [intransitiveI, transitiveT] to stay at a particular amount, level, or rate, or to make something do this （使）保持〔某种数量、水平或速度〕 The bank is holding interest rates at 4%. 银行将利率维持在4%。 Since then, the pound has held steady against the dollar. 从那时起，英镑对美元的汇率一直保持稳定。 hold somebody’s interest/attention (=make someone stay interested) 使某人保持兴趣/注意力 Colourful pictures help hold the students’ interest. 色彩缤纷的图片有助于使学生保持兴趣。 14 not change 不改变 [intransitiveI] to continue to be true, good, available etc 继续适用[有效] What I said yesterday holds. 我昨天说的仍然有效。 Does your invitation still hold? 你的邀请还算数吗？ hold true/good Twenty years on, his advice still holds good. 过了二十年，他的建议依然适用。 weather/luck holds (out) (=continues to be good) 天气/运气保持良好 If our luck holds, we could reach the final. 如果继续走运，我们有望进入决赛。 15 stop/delay 停止/拖延 [transitiveT] spoken used in particular phrases to tell someone to wait or not to do something 〔用于某些短语中〕停止；别做〔某事〕 I’ll have a tuna fish sandwich please – and hold the mayo (=do not give me any). 请给我来一份金枪鱼三明治——不要蛋黄酱。 hold it! Hold it! We’re not quite ready. 等等！我们还没准备好呢。 hold your horses! (=used to tell someone to do something more slowly or carefully) 慢点！别急！ 16 hold your head up (also hold your head high) to behave as if you are proud of yourself or respect yourself 抬起头来，不垂头丧气 They may have lost the game, but I still think they’ve earned the right to hold their heads high today. 他们也许是输掉了这场比赛，但我仍然认为今天他们有权利昂首挺胸。 Examples from the Corpus hold your head up• As a baby she may have had a hard time holding her head up, for example.• However, Linfield can hold their heads up high.• How else could a girl hold her head up in her family?• Her own cheeks had gone pale; her lids drooped over her eyes; she held her head up in her hand.• Just holding my head up like that. 17 hold your breath a) to deliberately not breathe out for a short time 屏住呼吸 Hold your breath and count to ten. 屏住呼吸数到十。 b) to not breathe out and try not to make a sound because you do not want to be noticed 屏息静气 Julie shrank back against the wall and held her breath. 朱莉缩到墙边，屏住呼吸。 c) not hold your breath spoken used to say that you do not expect something to happen, even though someone has said it will 不指望某事发生 He promised he’d phone, but I’m not holding my breath. 他答应要打电话的，不过我可不指望他会打。 Examples from the Corpus hold your breath• An anxious nation holds its breath.• It gave her the feeling that the whole world was holding its breath.• He discovered that he was holding his breath, and gulped for air.• Rachel held her breath as she waited for his answer.• We held our breaths, covering our nostrils and mouths with our hands.• She held her breath on another quick dart of guilt.• The art world will be holding its breath to see how much these paintings sell for at auction.• It stinks so bad you have to hold your breath until you come out.• Patrice held her breath, waiting for Lettie's reply.• Benjy rang the doorbell, then held his breath, waiting. 18 hold (your) fire a) to not shoot at someone when you were going to 不开火 b) to not criticize, attack, or oppose someone when you were going to 不批评[攻击，反对]某人 The president urged his party to hold fire on the issue a few days longer. 总统敦促他的政党在这个问题上再忍耐几天，不要“开火”。 19 telephone 电话 [intransitiveI] (also hold the line) spoken to wait until the person you have telephoned is ready to answer 不挂断电话（等着） Mr Stevens is busy at the moment – would you like to hold? 史蒂文斯先生现在正忙，你要等吗？ Please hold the line while I transfer you. 请稍等，我给您转接。 20 army 军队 [transitiveT]DEFEND if an army holds a place, it controls it or defends it from attack 防守，保卫；〔用武力〕占据 The French army held the town for three days. 法军在这个镇防守了三天。 21. musical note 音符 [transitiveT]APMCONTINUE/NOT STOP to make a musical note continue for a particular length of time 继续唱[奏]〔某音符〕 22 future 未来 [transitiveT] formal if the future holds something, that is what may happen 〔未来〕发生 Thousands of workers are waiting to see what the future holds. 几千名工人对未来的局势拭目以待。 23 have a quality 具有特质 [transitiveT] formal to have a particular quality 具备〔某种特质〕 hold (little) interest/appeal/promise etc Many church services hold little appeal for modern tastes. 许多教堂的礼拜仪式对于现代人缺乏吸引力。 24 hold your own (against somebody) GOOD ATto successfully defend yourself or succeed in a difficult situation, competition etc 〔在困境、比赛等中〕固守阵地，（与某人）针锋相对 He was a good enough player to hold his own against the Americans. 他是个优秀的球员，有足够的能力与美国人较量。 Examples from the Corpus hold your own (against somebody)• And he is bound to hold his own.• Well and nobly did... his gallant troops hold their own...• He and his government colleagues were confident they could hold their own against the mujahedin.• In many areas, Whigs clearly continued to hold their own amongst the squirearchy.• Then, holding her own breath and moving stealthily on tiptoe, she began to ease her way towards the exit.• Chaparral and forests resisted the invasion, and in some places they have held their own even against fire and development.• You hold your own life together.• Sharpe was holding his own sword low beside his stirrup, almost as if he could not be bothered to fight. 25. not hold a candle to somebody/something to be much worse than someone or something else 远比不上某人/某物，无法与某人/某物相比 Examples from the Corpus not hold a candle to somebody/something• Dry herbs don't hold a candle to fresh ones. 26 be left holding the baby British EnglishBrE, be left holding the bag American EnglishAmE to be left as the only person responsible for dealing with a difficult situation, especially something someone else started 得独自收拾烂摊子 He was left holding the financial baby when his musical partner joined another band. 他的音乐搭档加入了另一支乐队，所以在经济上他不得不独力承担。 Examples from the Corpus be left holding the baby• The difference is that you were left holding the baby.• Then he does something stupid with a television researcher and is left holding the baby. 27 hold sway to have a lot of influence or power 具有重大影响[权力] Among people here, traditional values still hold sway. 在这里的人中，传统的价值观仍占主导地位。 Examples from the Corpus hold sway• This of course benefits the income of the less expensive factor of production, as is inevitable when capital holds sway.• His reputedly Herculean virility long remained a byword throughout the district over which he held sway.• It's a place for Comici's drop-of-water philosophy to hold sway.• Suddenly new possibilities are springing to life where previously deadlock and despair held sway.• That is why we feel justified in saying that Realism has held sway for the last forty years.• The old communist party still holds sway in many rural areas.• The Marsh End at that time had at least two moles who held sway in their different ways over moles of their generation.• Nearly 10 years later, she still holds sway on Wall Street.• That romantic notion held sway over me, and probably delayed my perception of Clarisa as some one with a medical problem.• This all happened long ago, when priests held sway over the majority of the Irish people. 28 hold court to get the attention of everyone while you are talking, especially when you are trying to entertain people 吸引所有人的注意力 Joey would walk into the bar and hold court all night. 乔伊进了酒吧就会成为人们整晚注意的焦点。 Examples from the Corpus hold court• Artists who have arrived at that position are expected to sit still and hold court.• For hour after hour, without a break, clearly relishing the attention, Kevorkian holds court.• Somewhere in the smoky crowd the authoress and photographer, Jill Freedman from New York, was holding court.• Ken Bradshaw was holding court among a handful of Waimea veterans.• Baseball raconteur Bill Rigney is holding court at a window table.• Instead, he could hold court for his many buyers in his studio garage.• In one corner, the Grand Duchess held court; in another, her husband, as befitted the challenger.• I am holding court, lady of the mansion. 29 hold your tongue spoken used to tell someone to stop talking or to not tell someone about something 闭上嘴；保持沉默 I reckon you’ve just got to learn to hold your tongue. 我认为你要学会管好你的嘴巴。 Examples from the Corpus hold your tongue• If he was a count he would be doubly arrogant and she would not be able to hold her tongue.• She tried to talk him into letting her go, but he ordered her sharply to hold her tongue.• Out of sheer curiosity I held my tongue, and waited.• Learn to hold your tongue, Mistress Philippa, else grief will come of it.• You have to avoid being Nellie-know-all and hold your tongue to allow a younger generation to enjoy the fun of discovery.• Chastised, Elder Brother held his tongue, turning to look at Jinju as if to seek her support.• Jim was struggling to hold his tongue when Carole knocked on his door and walked in.• Stella was forced to hold her tongue when Dotty or Babs Osborne spoke slightingly of Meredith. 30 hold all the cards to have all the advantages in a situation in which people are competing or arguing 占绝对上风，占尽优势 ‘There’s not much we can do. They seem to hold all the cards, ’ said Dan gloomily. “我们没什么办法了，他们好像已经占了绝对优势。”丹沮丧地说。 Examples from the Corpus hold all the cards• In areas such as research, larger well-financed firms hold all the cards.• Politically, the logging industry holds all the cards.• Men still held all the cards.• Nowhere else does the evolutionary battle take place in an arena where, in effect, one player holds all the cards.• He held all the cards and it would be an upset if he lost.• It seemed that he held all the cards and that there was nothing she could do but say 'yes'.• But it just seemed that he held all the cards, he made all the decisions.• Ross did hold all the cards, she acknowledged bitterly. 31. hold fast (to something) to keep believing strongly in something 坚信（某事） Examples from the Corpus hold fast (to something)• She tried to struggle, but she was held fast.• But ever since the day when she had faced her own fears she had held fast to her principles.• He kept his head, how-ever, and held fast to his golden apples.• Mr Buie held fast to his ground.• If the Court holds fast to its abnegation of this traditional role, it could mark a sea change in federal-state relations.• Bush urged the party to hold fast to its traditions.• Jeffries was trying to cut him to ribbons; and here was Gordon trying to hold fast to Jeffries' coattails.• I am like a shipwrecked survivor holding fast to the debris, awaiting the arrival of the scheduled liner.• Difficult to hold fast to time. 32. hold a conversation TALK TO somebodyto have a conversation 谈话，交谈 Examples from the Corpus hold a conversation• This involved being around, or hanging around, just watching, recording, holding conversations.• She's getting better at speech now, and hold a conversation, but she doesn't understand some things.• In any case, she couldn't have held a conversation there.• What she did increasingly was to hold conversations with ha father from which Cara was carefully and deliberately excluded.• If you tried at all to hold a conversation with her, you found she was almost impossible to understand.• He just wouldn't hold a conversation with him.• If you can not hold a conversation with some one without getting out of breath then you are going too fast.• Aileen knew how to hold a conversation with twelve people and work hard at the same time. 33 hold the fort RESPONSIBLEto be responsible for something while the person usually responsible for it is not there 〔别人不在时〕代为处理事务 She’s holding the fort while the manager’s on holiday. 经理休假，她负责处理事务。 Examples from the Corpus hold the fort• Junior Bryant has to hold the fort.• Filling the breach, holding the fort, and that kind of thing.• The evening was to take place as planned and Faith would hold the fort at Oaklands.• The three of you will be holding the fort in the kitchen tonight.• Just the three of you going to be holding the fort tonight.• You got us into this, was my uncharitable thought, now you hold the fort while we climb out of it.• It was Major Herriott's turn to get out of the office, having held the fort whilst his leader had been away. 34 hold the lead/advantage to be winning in a competition, game etc 〔在比赛等中〕领先 Celtic held the lead in the first half. 在上半场比赛中，凯尔特人队领先。 Examples from the Corpus hold the lead/advantage• She held the lead and quietly plodded upward through the crisp snow that covered the long Baskan Glacier.• New Zealand held the lead for long periods and their frequent advantages depended on the only try of the match.• She held the lead in her gloved hands; behind her was Selene, with hers protected by a muff.• But this time Carlos Sainz, who had held the lead since Tuesday, came third in a Toyota.• In race one, Hodgson was able to get a better run through the backmarkers and hold the lead to the line. 35. there’s no holding somebody (back) spokenENTHUSIASTICENJOY/LIKE DOING something used to say that someone is so determined to do something that you cannot prevent them from doing it 无法阻止某人〔做某事〕 Examples from the Corpus there’s no holding somebody (back)• For Casey, there was no holding back when it came to music. 36. can hold your drink/liquor/alcohol etc DRUNKto be able to drink a lot of alcohol without getting drunk or ill 酒量很大 37. not hold water UNTRUEif an excuse, a statement etc does not hold water, it does not seem to be true or reasonable 〔借口、陈述等〕站不住脚，不可信 Examples from the Corpus not hold water• His account of events simply doesn't hold water.• It may seem logical, but his argument doesn't hold water.• But there are times when this theory just does not hold water.• This argument just does not hold water. 38 hold something/somebody dear IMPORTANT formal to care about something or someone a lot 珍视某物/某人 We were facing the loss of everything we held dear. 我们面临着失去全部所爱的可能。 39. hold the road TTCif a car holds the road well, you can drive it quickly around bends without losing control 〔汽车急转弯时〕抓地性能良好 Examples from the Corpus hold the road• Lucker has difficulty holding the road. n40. hold that thought spoken used to tell someone to remember what has just been said and then continue discussing it or thinking about it later → hold a course at course1(8) THESAURUS hold to have something in your hand, hands, or arms 握住，抓住；抱住 Maria came in holding a letter. 玛丽亚手里拿着一封信走进来。 Can I hold the baby? 我可以抱抱宝宝吗？ grip to hold something very tightly and not let it go 紧握，紧抓 He gripped her arm so she couldn’t walk away. 他紧紧抓住她的胳膊不让她走开。 Jenny gripped the side of the boat to steady herself. 珍妮紧紧抓住船帮来稳住自己。 clutch to hold something tightly, especially because you do not want to drop or lose it 紧握，紧抓〔尤因不想摔掉或失去某物〕 A businessman hurried past, clutching his briefcase. 一个生意人手中紧抓着公文包匆匆走过。 nThe little girl clutched onto his hand. clasp written to hold someone or something tightly, closing your fingers or arms around them 握紧；抱紧 She was clasping a bunch of small summer flowers. 她紧紧握着一束夏天的小花。 He clasped her in his arms and kissed her. 他将她紧紧搂在怀里亲吻她。 get/take hold of something to take something in your hand or hands and hold it 抓住某物，握住某物 I took hold of the handle and pulled as hard as I could. 我抓住把手狠命一拉。 nQuickly – try and get hold of that frog! grasp written to take hold of something firmly, especially in a determined way 〔尤指坚决地〕握紧 She grasped the lowest branch and pulled herself up into the tree. 她紧紧抓住最下面那根树枝，纵身一跃爬到树上。 grab to take hold of something suddenly and often violently 攫取，抓住 He grabbed my bag and ran off with it. 他抢过我的包就逃走了。 nThe other man grabbed hold of (=suddenly took hold of ) my arms and threatened me with a knife. seize /siːz/ written to take hold of something suddenly and often violently 〔突然猛力地〕抓取，攫取 A police officer ran after him and seized the gun. 一名警察在后面追他，并夺下他的枪。 hang on (to something) to hold on to something or someone tightly to support yourself 紧紧抓住某物〔以免自己跌倒〕 He hung on to the rail at the back of the motorbike. 他紧紧抓住摩托车的后扶手。 nHang on tight! keep hold of something to continue to hold something 抓着某物 Greg was struggling to keep hold of the dog. 格雷格拼命抓着那条狗不松手。 nShe tried to take her hand away but he kept hold of it. PHRASAL VERBS 41 hold something against somebody phrasal verbphr v FORGIVEto continue to dislike someone or not forgive them because of something bad they have done in the past 〔因某事〕对〔某人〕怀恨在心，对〔某人〕有怨愤 You can’t still hold that against him, surely? 你不会还对他怀恨在心，是吧？ Examples from the Corpus hold against • She holds me tightly against her on one side, my sister on the other.• Some simply hold her gender against her.• I've never held it against him, but I've always wondered why.• But no one held this against him.• Branson held no grudge against Rodney Birbeck.• They carried parasols and held them against the driving snow as they minced along in three-inch clogs.• The figure holds a spear against the right side of his body.• They are concerned with grievances held by individuals against the two Government Departments who administer social security benefits. 42 hold back phrasal verbphr v a) hold somebody/something ↔ backSTOP MOVING to make someone or something stop moving forward 阻挡[抑制]某人/某事物 Police in riot gear held back the demonstrators. 配有防暴装备的警察挡住了示威者。 b) hold something ↔ backNOT DO something to stop yourself from feeling or showing a particular emotion 控制〔情感〕 She struggled to hold back her tears. 她竭力忍住眼泪。 Anger flooded through her. She couldn’t hold it back. 她怒火中烧，无法控制。 c) hold somebody/something ↔ backPREVENT to prevent someone or something from making progress 阻碍某人/某事（的发展） They felt the British economy was being held back by excessive government controls. 他们感到，由于政府过度控制，英国的经济发展受到了阻碍。 d) hold (somebody) backWILLING to be unwilling to do something, especially because you are being careful, or to make someone unwilling to do something 〔尤指因谨慎而〕（使）犹豫，踌躇 In the current situation many investors are holding back. 在目前形势下，许多投资者退缩了。 She wanted to tell him but pride held her back. 她想告诉他，可是自尊让她犹豫了。 e) hold something ↔ backSECRET to keep something secret 隐瞒〔某事〕 Tell me all about it – don’t hold anything back! 把这事全部告诉我，什么都别隐瞒！ Examples from the Corpus hold back• Bill leapt to his feet to go after the girl, but the others held him back.• But reading the reports can provide reassurance that nothing was held back.• Once I had that suit, there was no holding back.• These warnings aside-and they're pretty obvious-don't hold back.• He wanted to tell her everything, but something made him hold back.• I wanted to laugh, but I managed to hold it back.• She struggled to hold her feelings back.• Sarah held back a sob of relief.• Riven held back as Bicker, Corrary and Isay piled into them.• Republicans have expressed interest in the plan but have held back from making a commitment.• Jack held back his tears and pretended not to be disappointed.• She always felt that being a woman had held her back in her career.• The poor economic situation has held back investment in new technology.• Was he holding back on something?• My father held me back, otherwise I would have rushed up onto the stage.• Like, holding back something valuable.• The police had already erected crash barriers to hold back the advancing crowds.• They put up huge barriers to hold back the crowd.• We can make some progress, but all we can do is hold back the forest destruction.• It is, to be sure, highly unlikely that superstars hold back their best ideas. hold somebody/something ↔ back• Its plush vegetation crowded the restraining fence that had been made strong, damned near impregnable, to hold it back.• No walls, no fences, nothing to hold him back.• Suddenly she holds some back as if still determined to drive the hardest possible bargain.• That wildfire feeling might have got a hold a month back, but it would not be allowed to do so again.• The whistle postponed it, held it back until announcing the morning shift at six.• I had to eat with one hand and hold the hair back with the other-it was so fiddly. hold something ↔ back• His wife had to hold him back.• Its plush vegetation crowded the restraining fence that had been made strong, damned near impregnable, to hold it back.• No walls, no fences, nothing to hold him back.• Suddenly she holds some back as if still determined to drive the hardest possible bargain.• That wildfire feeling might have got a hold a month back, but it would not be allowed to do so again.• I had to eat with one hand and hold the hair back with the other-it was so fiddly. hold somebody/something ↔ back• His wife had to hold him back.• Its plush vegetation crowded the restraining fence that had been made strong, damned near impregnable, to hold it back.• No walls, no fences, nothing to hold him back.• Suddenly she holds some back as if still determined to drive the hardest possible bargain.• That wildfire feeling might have got a hold a month back, but it would not be allowed to do so again.• The whistle postponed it, held it back until announcing the morning shift at six.• I had to eat with one hand and hold the hair back with the other-it was so fiddly. hold (somebody) back• His wife had to hold him back.• No walls, no fences, nothing to hold him back.• Suddenly she holds some back as if still determined to drive the hardest possible bargain.• That wildfire feeling might have got a hold a month back, but it would not be allowed to do so again.• The whistle postponed it, held it back until announcing the morning shift at six.• I had to eat with one hand and hold the hair back with the other-it was so fiddly. hold something ↔ back• His wife had to hold him back.• Its plush vegetation crowded the restraining fence that had been made strong, damned near impregnable, to hold it back.• Suddenly she holds some back as if still determined to drive the hardest possible bargain.• That wildfire feeling might have got a hold a month back, but it would not be allowed to do so again.• The whistle postponed it, held it back until announcing the morning shift at six. 43 hold somebody/something ↔ down phrasal verbphr v a) to make someone or something stay on something, and stop them from moving away or escaping 控制；固定〔以防某物移走或某人逃脱〕 We had to hold the tent down with rocks to stop it blowing away. 我们只好用石块将帐篷压住免得被吹走。 It took three strong men to hold him down. 三个壮汉才制住了他。 b) PREVENTCONTROLto prevent the level of something such as prices from rising 抑制〔价格等〕的上升 We will aim to hold down prices. 我们将力求抑制价格上涨。 c) JOB/WORK hold down a job to succeed in keeping a job for a period of time 〔暂时〕保住工作[职位] He’s never held down a job for longer than a few weeks. 他从来没有把一份工作保住几周以上。 d) CONTROLto keep people under control or limit their freedom 控制，压制 The people were held down for centuries by their conquerors. 这个民族被征服者压制了几个世纪。 Examples from the Corpus hold down• A place far off with responsibilities to hold him down.• Despite this, in most areas we are continuing to hold our rates down.• I threw myself on top of the wheelbarrow to hold it down as he passed.• The length of time you hold it down determines the strength of the kick.• Fearing urban unrest, the government holds grain prices down to levels that make it unattractive to farm.• Remember, do not hold the glider down too close to the ground, 5 to 10 feet is safer.• The thieves have been forcing their way into the homes of elderly people, holding them down while searching for their savings.• If the Niners hold them down, will this defense get its due? hold down a job• Kelly wants to prove to his father that he can hold down a job.• But if you are schizophrenic, you can not think straight, concentrate, hold down a job.• People with long-term mental disorder have many problems in holding down a job.• Who would employ her and how would she hold down a job?• During the day they held down jobs as, respectively, a waitress and delivery driver.• Clarke holds down two jobs to support his family.• Rella could hold down jobs, when she wanted to.• Frye was expounding on the dangers of holding down a job while taking a full load of courses. 44 hold forth phrasal verbphr v TALK TO somebodyto give your opinion on a subject, especially for a long time 〔尤指长篇大论地〕发表议论 on The speaker was holding forth on the collapse of modern society. 演说者正在就现代社会的崩溃大发议论。 Examples from the Corpus hold forth• What right did anybody have to hold forth about his marriage?• Tom was in the corner, holding forth about the economic situation.• They like being the centre of attention, are more narcissistic, and more likely to hold forth about their achievements.• Grandma was holding forth as usual, retelling all the old family stories.• After a few drinks, he would hold forth for hours on government conspiracy theories.• Archer could hear Lawrence Lefferts, at that very hour, holding forth on the disintegration of society. hold on• And how will it feel after he has held forth on television for five years?• David Lean held forth on the disastrous state of the movie industry.• Archer could hear Lawrence Lefferts, at that very hour, holding forth on the disintegration of society. 45 hold off phrasal verbphr v a) WAITto delay doing something 拖延，推迟 Buyers have been holding off until the price falls. 买家们一直按兵不动，等待价格下跌。 hold off (on) doing something Hold off making your decision until Monday. 等到星期一再作决定吧。 b) hold somebody ↔ offDEFEND i. to prevent someone who is trying to attack or defeat you from succeeding 对抗某人，抵挡住某人 Not even a gun could hold him off forever. 即使用枪也不能永远挡住他。 ii. to prevent someone from coming towards you or succeeding in speaking to you 阻止某人靠近；阻止某人和你谈话 There’s already a crowd of reporters outside – I’ll try to hold them off for a while. 外面已经有一群记者了——我会想法挡住他们一会儿。 c) DNif rain or bad weather holds off, it does not start, although it looked as if it would 〔雨、雪等〕延缓，迟迟不来 The rain held off until after the game. 这场雨直到比赛结束才开始下。 Examples from the Corpus hold off• At that point our troops were too weak to hold them off.• The bunkers were built on the cliffs to hold off the enemy's landing forces. hold off (on) doing something• Businesses are holding off on hiring new employees.• And while San Francisco Tomorrow has come out against the ballpark, other major environmental organizations have so far held off.• By holding off on both at least until next year, Clerides has created some diplomatic breathing space.• DiGenova said Starr may ask the jurors to hold off or limit their questioning.• For some of those years I had thought it might hold off the crack-up.• He had to keep dazzling the crowds to hold off his detractors.• I won't have to understand what has occurred if I hold off from consciously realizing that it has happened.• If Electronics had not held off its creditors, it would have collapsed, bringing Magnetics down with it.• Umbrellas could be made of oiled cloth, so that they did incidentally hold off the rain. 46 hold on phrasal verbphr v a) spoken i. WAITto wait for a short time 等会儿 Hold on, I’ll just get my coat. 等一等，我去拿外衣。 ii. SURPRISEDused when you have just noticed, heard, or remembered something interesting or wrong 等一下，等等〔表示注意到、听到或记起令人感兴趣或不妥的事〕 Hold on a minute! Isn’t that your brother’s car over there? 等一下！那边不是你兄弟的车吗？ iii. WAITused to ask someone on the telephone to wait until the person they want to talk to is available 别挂断电话 Can you hold on? I’ll try to find her. 请别挂好吗？我去找找她看。 b) to have your hands or arms tightly around something 紧紧抓住[抱住] Hold on tight! 抓紧了！ to Hold on to my arm. 抓紧我的胳膊。 c) CONTINUE/NOT STOPto continue doing something that is very difficult to do 坚持下去 San Francisco held on to win 4–2. 旧金山队顽强拼搏，以4比2赢了比赛。 Examples from the Corpus hold on• Hold on - I haven't finished yet. hold to• She can walk now without holding on to anything.• This might enable them to hold on to around 100 of their present 270 seats.• Whitman won because she held on to conservatives.• To Marquand, MacDonald's real fault was that he held on to his nineteenth-century principles for too long.• He wasn't sure that he would be given a chance to hold on to his wife.• Still holding on to it, he nodded and went out to where the Audi was parked.• Once I picked it up, I just wanted to make sure I held on to it.• He could hold on to office even though so severely disabled as to be unable to lead.• These beautiful new books, filled with morals and happy endings, help us hold on to our storytelling heritage. 47 hold on to somebody/something phrasal verbphr v KEEP/CONTINUE TO HAVEto keep something rather than losing it, selling it, or giving it to someone else 守住，保住 The soldiers held on to the bridge for three more days. 士兵们又把这座桥守了三天。 I think I’ll hold on to these old records for now. 我想我会暂时保留这些老唱片的。 Examples from the Corpus hold on to • This might enable them to hold on to around 100 of their present 270 seats.• Whitman won because she held on to conservatives.• To Marquand, MacDonald's real fault was that he held on to his nineteenth-century principles for too long.• He wasn't sure that he would be given a chance to hold on to his wife.• Once I picked it up, I just wanted to make sure I held on to it.• He could hold on to office even though so severely disabled as to be unable to lead.• These beautiful new books, filled with morals and happy endings, help us hold on to our storytelling heritage. 48 hold out phrasal verbphr v a) HOPE hold out something to think or say that something is possible or likely to happen, especially something good 抱有希望；提供机会；使有可能 not hold out much hope/hold out little hope Negotiators aren’t holding out much hope of a peaceful settlement. 谈判人员对和平解决并不抱很大希望。 hold out the prospect/promise of something alternative methods which hold out the promise of improved health 可望改善健康状况的另类方法 b) FINISH/USE ALL OF somethingif a supply of something holds out, there is still some left 〔供给品的〕维持，持续 Water supplies won’t hold out much longer. 供水维持不了多久了。 c) DEFENDto continue to successfully defend a place that is being attacked 守住 The rebels held out for another night but then fresh forces arrived. 叛乱分子又守了一个晚上，但是接着增援部队到了。 d) to try to prevent yourself from doing something that someone is trying to force you to do 坚持〔不做别人强迫之事〕 against I didn’t know how much longer I could hold out against their relentless questioning. 对于他们没完没了的盘问我不知道自己还能坚持多久。 Examples from the Corpus hold out the prospect/promise of something• So too the yawning depths of the wave, even while threatening annihilation, hold out the promise of rebirth.• It holds out the promise of swifter verdicts.• Although Leapor accepts that many women are guilty of inconstancy and immoderate behaviour, she none the less holds out the prospect of transformation. hold against• But still she doubted her ability to hold out against him.• You can not will yourself to hold out against reality.• All they have to do is to hold out against substandard systems and apply pragmatic criteria in the face of technical jargon.• The workers held out for several months against the closure of the mine, but they were eventually defeated.• Only Rugby Union holds out against the commercial tide despite widespread speculation about covert payments to players.• If you just try to defend and hold out against them, it wears you down. 49 hold out for something phrasal verbphr v ASK FOR something/ASK somebody TO DO somethingto not accept anything less than you have asked for 坚持要求 Transport workers are holding out for a 20% pay rise. 运输业工作者坚持要求加薪20%。 Examples from the Corpus hold out for • Or maybe we should hold out for a bid from Big Oil.• It crossed my mind to hold out for a job in corporate finance.• Another dissented from the final figure, holding out for a lower award.• What if Mr Hall held out for a while before settling up?• We can hold out for days.• Should they compromise with Clinton over a piece of the tax-cut pie or hold out for the whole pie? 50 hold out on somebody phrasal verbphr v informal TELL A SECRETto not tell someone about something important 隐瞒〔重要事情〕 She must have been holding out on him all these years. 这些年来她肯定一直瞒着他。 Examples from the Corpus hold out on • Harry would know that his brother was holding out on him, as he always did.• Now, I suppose I regret holding out on him.• They are holding out on me.• Mrs Sweet was holding out on the police.• They must think we're holding out on them. 51 hold something over phrasal verbphr v a) DELAY formal to do or deal with something at a later time 推迟，搁置 The matter was held over for further review. 这件事被搁置起来待进一步审议。 n Grammar Hold over is usually passive in this meaning. → holdover b) THREATEN hold something over somebody to use something bad that you know about someone to make them do what you want 以某事要挟某人 He knows I’ve been in prison and is holding it over me. 他知道我曾坐过牢，便以此要挟我。 c) be held over especially American EnglishAmEAMFCONTINUE/NOT STOPSUCCESSFUL if a play, film, concert etc is held over, it is shown for longer than planned because it is very popular 〔戏剧、电影、音乐会等因受欢迎〕公演时间被延长 Examples from the Corpus be held over• A White House compilation of the events shows 70 coffees were held over 18 months.• A record dated 1665 shows that at that time the archery contests were held over 4 days.• One of the finest Brooklands races, the June 1914 Aeroplane Handicap, was held over a nine mile course.• The dates are held over email, and women reveal their most intimate desires over the phones.• Or, given the complexities of the issue and the importance, the suit could be held over for a full-blown review.• Accepting the logic of this situation the matter was held over for further review at a later Department Head meeting.• More random checks are to be held over the next few weeks.• I have recently returned from a Polaris orienteering competition, which was held over two days in Exmoor. 52 hold to something phrasal verbphr v a) if you hold to a belief, principle, promise etc, you believe it or behave according to it 信奉〔信念、原则等〕；信守〔诺言〕 He admitted he did not hold to the traditional view of God. 他承认自己不认同对上帝的传统看法。 b) PROMISE hold somebody to something to make someone do what they have promised 要求某人恪守诺言 ‘I’ll ask him tomorrow.’ ‘OK, but I’m going to hold you to that.’ “我明天问他。”“好吧，不过我要你说话算数。” c) hold somebody to something British EnglishBrEDS to prevent your opponent in a sports game from getting more than a particular number of points 〔在体育比赛中〕不让对手超过〔某一得分〕 Norway held Holland to a 2–2 draw. 挪威队以2比2逼平荷兰队。 53 hold together phrasal verbphr v a) if a group or an organization holds together, or if something holds it together, it stays strong and does not separate into different parts or groups （使）团结，（使）不分裂 Against all expectations, the coalition held together well. 和各种预料截然相反，这个联盟很团结。 hold something ↔ together In those days the church held the community together. 在那个年代，教会将社区团结在一起。 b) GOOD ENOUGHto remain whole and good enough to use, or to make something do this （使）保持完好 Incredibly, the raft held together till we reached the opposite shore. 真令人难以置信，筏子一直把我们载到对岸还没散架。 hold something ↔ together I wondered how the structure was held together. 我不知道这个结构是怎么结合在一起的。 Examples from the Corpus hold together• Fold into the matzo mixture, adding matzo meal to make the mixture hold together.• I spent as much time wondering how the dome was held together as I did actually climbing.• Coordination number Ionic Crystals Ions in an ionic crystal are held together by electrostatic forces.• Adjacent layers are held together by weak van der Waals forces.• That framework has held together for more than twenty-five years.• Add more water if mixture seems dry; dough should just hold together in large lumps.• Despite many stresses and strains, it held together to the end, a great achievement. 54 hold up phrasal verbphr v a) SUPPORT/HOLD UP hold something ↔ up to support something and prevent it from falling down 支撑某物 The roof is held up by massive stone pillars. 屋顶是用几根粗大的石柱支撑住的。 b) DELAY hold somebody/something ↔ up to delay someone or something 耽搁某人/阻延某事 Sorry I’m late – I was held up at work. 对不起我来晚了，我给工作耽搁了。 n Grammar Hold up is often passive in this meaning. c) hold up somethingSTEAL to rob or try to rob a place or person by using violence （试图）抢劫 Two armed men held up a downtown liquor store last night. 昨晚两名持枪男子抢劫了市中心一家售酒的商店。 → hold-up d) SAMEto not become weaker 保持强壮 His physical condition has held up well. 他的身体保养得非常好。 Examples from the Corpus hold up• They should have finished that job on Friday - what's holding them up?• Why don't we use some of these pieces of wood to hold it up?• Her stubbornness on this one issue is holding the whole deal up.• He was arrested and charged with holding up a cab driver.• The peace talks are being held up by continued fighting on the border.• I won't hold you up - I can see you're in a hurry.• We got held up in traffic and missed the show.• We can't knock that wall down. It's the one that holds up the house.• These poles hold up the outer part of the tent.• The men who held up the store were wearing Halloween masks.• Get a move on, you two! You're holding up the whole queue!• The only thing holding the wall up was a frail-looking section of scaffolding.• Protesters held up work on the new road. 55 hold somebody/something up as something phrasal verbphr v EXAMPLEto use someone or something as a good example or as proof of something 将…作为榜样[证明] The school is held up as a model for others. 这所学校被树为其他学校的榜样。 This incident will be held up as proof that tougher controls are needed. 该事件将作为需要采取更严格的控制措施的明证。 Examples from the Corpus hold up as • Read Charles Evers' book and hold him up as a model of racial harmony. held up as a model• In fact, the profiles that are held up as models for the United States to follow are ineffective and discriminatory. 56 hold with something phrasal verbphr v AGREE not hold with something British EnglishBrE used to say that someone does not approve of something 不同意某事，反对某事 He says he doesn’t hold with all this politically correct stuff. 他说他并不赞成这些政治上正确的东西。 not hold with doing something I don’t hold with hitting children in any circumstances. 在任何情况下我都不赞同打孩子。 Examples from the Corpus not hold with something• Although he did not hold with lies, there were occasions when they were the best option. Examples from the Corpus hold• Each carton holds 113 oranges.• Militant prisoners held 24 guards hostage on Friday, as jail unrest spread throughout the country.• No one knows where the kidnapped woman is being held.• She held a baby in her arms.• A smiling woman holding a can of beer came over to us.• In the photograph there was a small boy holding a flag.• No state yet to hold a primary has as many major media markets as Ohio.• She works for Le Monde, where the staff hold a significant stake in the company.• A blank data disk can hold about 360,000 characters.• Galvanized metal buckets, filled with ice, can hold beverages such as small bottles of ice tea, juices and water.• Twenty-four solar systems held by the enemy had recently been destroyed.• Several tourists were being held captive by rebels in Kashmir.• Lost items will be held for thirty days.• So she rode slowly through them, mostly holding her breath and praying that they wouldn't charge at her.• I held her until she went to sleep.• I held him under the spigot and squeezed his chest as the icy water ran over him.• I got the post office to hold our mail while we were on vacation.• I took a glass of champagne from the tray the waiter held out.• a situation in which a husband and wife both hold shares in a family company• IBM still holds shares in the new company.• I just want a shelf that will hold some plants.• Heat the stock in a pot large enough to hold the fish.• I held the money tightly in my hand.• The Van Gogh holds the world auction price record of $ 82.5m.• Plans are well advanced to hold two-day Workshops for staff of colleges invited to progress their Pilot Proposals to Stage 2.• Police are holding two men for questioning in connection with the robbery.• As long as the mild weather holds, you can keep planting. hold something in your hand/arms• He longed to be holding one in his hands.• The next moment he held Iphigenia in his arms.• I held him in my arms as he clutched at me, then relaxed, then shuddered into sleep.• If you hold it in your hands it gets warm.• One of us takes the tiniest moment and holds it in our hands, recalling it in all its particulars.• Cara held it in her hands, staring at it, unbelieving.• Was it because the man who held her in his arms was a confident and easy dancer?• Now she held it in her hand with the cross, a silent pleading for Rob's return. held talks with• The company also has held talks with Apple Computer about a technology sponsorship that could include kiosks at the facility.• On Feb. 21 Kravchuk held talks with opposition representatives on the possibility of forming a coalition government.• Councillors have already held talks with the town's bus operators with a view to reducing the number of vehicles using the centre. hold something in place/position• Bone, plastic, wood or pearl-handled cutlery Exposure to very hot water can soften the glue holding the handle in place.• I was also told that I have to put plywood on the ceiling to hold the tiles in place.• Impale each stack with a bamboo stick to hold the bales in place.• The former system involved the operative having to attach more than 20 bands at a time to hold a mould in position.• The nearby industry of the war years held the community in place.• A sturdy retaining wall will hold everything in place and you can use soil taken from other areas to fill in gaps.• It will need to have a ledge to support the reading material and strong clamps to hold pages in place are useful.• I held it in place, clutched at my side. hold the post/position/office etc (of something)• A Republican held the office of County Board president, easily second only to the office of mayor in political power.• He held the post during Milosevic's authoritarian rule.• He also holds the posts of Prime Minister and Defence Minister.• He currently holds the post of chief operating officer.• He has also held the position of factory manager.• In both cases Black might still be able to hold the position.• None of these men held the office over three months.• The Federals held the position nearer the coveted town. be widely/generally/commonly held• The belief that if you are over twenty-five you are too old is commonly held.• Scarman identified two views that were commonly held as to the causation of the disorders.• It was generally held on or about the feast day of the patron saint to whom the church was dedicated.• Informal briefings and seminars are generally held over the lunch-time period, which is only flexible for scientific and administrative staff.• But it is commonly held that Mind and Matter both have existence, separately, one from the other.• Thus it is commonly held that services are economic activities whose output is not a physical product.• In the city a bold and beautiful young man named Bellerophon was generally held to be his son.• Particular substances were commonly held to possess magical and even medical potential. privately-held• Most recently, he was chief executive officer of Cibus Pharmaceutical Inc., a privately held drugdelivery company.• Never having designed anything like this before Cusick privately held many worries about the cost and ease of manufacturing these props.• P., his privately held company, of $ 2 billion.• Pursue is a privately held energy company.• S., most timber is grown on privately held land and is sold at auction.• The privately held company, founded in 1989, is one of the fastest-growing technology startups.• Y., it remains privately held. held steady• Bonds held steady and the dollar rose against the yen.• Standard's market price held steady at 430p.• Unemployment held steady at a low 5. 6 percent in December, Labor Department figures showed today.• The tow held steady, but the weight of it was forcing him further and further off the wind.• To pick up the reflected signals, the cellphone has to be held steady for a few seconds, says Lubecke.• Exports had doubled from 1700 to 1740 to a value of £1,164,000 which generally held steady until the 1760s. hold true/good• In the event of a fuel pump failure the same reserve holds good.• If past experience holds true, about 10% of the injured will need immediate surgery.• The same trend holds true at the Capital Coin and Stamp Shop.• Some physicists argue that the need for an observer holds true even for such massive objects as the Moon.• The same holds true for all the other advice agencies in your area.• The same might hold true for every civilization.• What held good for Stoke Poges held good for the Western Isles.• The same holds true for the three P.wickerhamii introns.• But the Freudian maxim holds true: Laughter is just an expression of fear. hold it!• Hold it a minute! I've just had a really good idea.• Hold it! Sara just lost a contact lens. what the future holds• Hankin, as well as the players, press and supporters, do not know what the future holds.• It is important, however, to distinguish between the current situation and what the future holds.• Male speaker Because we don't know what the disorder is, we can't tell the family what the future holds.• They should settle with Clinton rather than gamble on what the future holds.• Tonight, we look at other memorable programmes from the archives and ask what the future holds?• Who knows what the future holds?• With the growth that seems likely over the next few years one can not help asking what the future holds. hold (little) interest/appeal/promise etc• For the moment Christmas on the slopes holds little promise.• But, for the most part, the news surely held little interest for her.• Richard Branson holds little appeal for them.• The models of the last 30 years hold little interest for those in Bird Land.• The Group now holds interests in 20 fields in production.• Carso holds interests in a wide range of industries, including mining, auto parts, cigarettes and retail.• Others hold interests in racetracks, which depend on political goodwill for additional racing dates.• Clark's work clearly holds promise of a new class of antimalarials, even though there is much still to be done. Related topics: Other sports, Water hold2 ●●● S2 W3 noun 1 holding STH 拿住某物 [singular]HOLD the action of holding something with your hands 抓住，拿住，握住 SYN grip hold on She released her tight hold on the dog. 她松开被她紧紧牵着的狗。 He tightened his hold, refusing to let her go. 他抓得更紧了，不让她走。 Make sure you keep hold of my hand when we cross the road. 过马路时你一定要抓住我的手。 I took hold of her hand and gently led her away. 我抓住她的手，小心地带她离开。 Grab hold of the rope and pull yourself up. 抓住绳子爬上来。 →4 See picture of 见图 hold 2 get hold of something (also get a hold of something American EnglishAmE) to find or borrow something so that you can use it 找[借]来某物 I need to get hold of a car. 我得找一辆车。 She managed to get a hold of a copy. 她设法弄到了一本。 Examples from the Corpus get hold of something• Then you put a good big handle on it, so that everyone can get hold of it and pick it up.• Jack wouldn't shoot so long as he'd got hold of him.• It was as though something had got hold of her feet and was trying to pull them.• She was absorbedly prodding the aged melon, which she had somehow got hold of.• And the first day you arrive you contrive to get hold of this!• Wherever he was in the world he managed to get hold of all the important rugby results.• I think what happened was that Nick had been hanging around waiting to get hold of her.• Could you get hold of the kids, please? 3 get hold of somebody (also get a hold of somebody American EnglishAmE) to find and speak to someone about something 找到某人，联系上某人 I must get hold of Vanessa to see if she can babysit. 我必须找到瓦妮莎，看看她能不能帮忙照看一下孩子。 Examples from the Corpus get hold of somebody• Then you put a good big handle on it, so that everyone can get hold of it and pick it up.• Jack wouldn't shoot so long as he'd got hold of him.• It was as though something had got hold of her feet and was trying to pull them.• She was absorbedly prodding the aged melon, which she had somehow got hold of.• And the first day you arrive you contrive to get hold of this!• Wherever he was in the world he managed to get hold of all the important rugby results.• I think what happened was that Nick had been hanging around waiting to get hold of her.• Could you get hold of the kids, please? 4 control/power 控制/力量 [singular] control, power, or influence over something or someone 控制，影响 get/keep a hold on/of something He struggled to get a hold of his emotions. 他尽力控制住自己的情绪。 I’ve always kept a tight hold on our finances. 我一直牢牢控制着我们的经济收入。 I realized that the woman had a hold over my father. 我意识到那女人控制着我父亲。 5 on hold TCTWAIT a) if something is on hold, it is going to be done or dealt with at a later date rather than now 推迟，使延期，搁置 The plans are on hold until after the election. 那些计划被推迟到选举以后。 Since having the kids, my career has been put on hold. 自从有了孩子，我的事业被搁置下来。 b) if you are on hold, you are waiting to talk to someone on the telephone 等着通电话 We try not to keep people on hold for more than a couple of minutes. 我们尽量不让打电话的人等候超过几分钟。 The agent put me on hold while she consulted a colleague. 经纪人让我等着，她去问一个同事。 Examples from the Corpus on hold• You're always on hold for about 10 minutes before you get to talk to anyone.• I put Dana on hold while I tried to find Steve. 6 take (a) hold EFFECT/INFLUENCEto start to have a definite effect 开始起作用，产生影响 The fever was beginning to take hold. 发烧开始厉害起来。 Examples from the Corpus take (a) hold• Whereas summer still lingered in Florence, winter had already taken hold in Cramer.• His hand came out and took hold of her ankle, gave it a squeeze and a shake.• There are usually reasons why some ideas take hold and persist while others fail to do so.• Her imagination took hold of the idea and terrorized her at the thought of the hospital catching fire.• As the weeks grew into months, a plan took hold of her.• If doctors could know for certain which individuals would develop the disease, they could treat potential diabetics before the process takes hold.• From the reforms that followed, a new life began to take hold, and more than one innovation was meritorious.• What do your instincts tell you about whether democracy will take hold after the votes are counted? 7 get hold of an idea/an impression/a story etc LEARNBELIEVEto learn or begin to believe something 得到[开始相信]某个想法/印象/说法等 Where on earth did you get hold of that idea? 你这想法到底是哪里来的？ 8. fight 打斗 [countableC]DSO a particular position that you hold an opponent in, in a fight or a sport such as wrestling 〔摔跤等运动中的〕擒拿招式，擒拿技法 9 climbing 攀爬 [countableC]DSO somewhere you can put your hands or feet to help you climb something 支撑点；落脚点〔指攀爬时供手攀、脚踩之处〕 The cliff was steep and it was difficult to find a hold. 悬崖陡峭，很难找到攀踏的地方。 10. ship 船只 [countableC]TTW the part of a ship below the deck1(1) where goods are stored 底舱，货舱 11 no holds barred LIMITwhen there are no rules or limits on what you are allowed to do 无规则的，无限制的，为所欲为的 It seems there are no holds barred when it comes to making a profit. 赚钱谋利似乎可以不择手段。 Examples from the Corpus no holds barred• There are no holds barred when it comes to making a profit.• He told me he was going to shoot the whole works, no holds barred. n COLLOCATIONS adjectives a tight/firm hold Rose had a tight hold of her hand. verbs tighten your hold Maria winced as Luke tightened his hold on her fingers. loosen/relax your hold Laughing, he loosened his hold until she could pull her arms free. release your hold (=stop holding something) As soon as his fingers released their hold, Robyn turned and ran. phrases keep hold of something (=hold something without letting go) I had to run to keep hold of the leather strap. get/take hold of something (=start holding something) Wallace took hold of Fred’s jacket and pulled him roughly backwards. catch/grab/seize etc hold of something (=start holding something quickly and firmly) She grabbed hold of the letter and tore it open. have hold of something (=be holding something) Nathan had hold of her hand again. Examples from the Corpus hold• The cliff is steep and it's difficult to find a hold.• Bowman caught hold of the short lever fastened to the valve and with his last strength pulled it down.• In this form of wrestling there are a number of different holds, each used in a different situation.• And I think I just might try to get hold of Mark.• But when you get hold of the document and look at the detail you're in for a nasty surprise.• It was a bit late for that, since the press had got hold of the story anyway.• Here was a gravity you could argue with; here was a horizon close enough to reach out and grasp hold of.• Prevost asked me if I still had hold of my camera.• My mother relaxed, and loosened her hold on my hand.• Kara tightened her hold on the bat.• I tightened my hold on the child as we crossed the busy road.• Analysts say the company has a potential to become extremely profitable if the technology takes hold.• The wine Adrienne had kept passing to her was taking hold of an empty stomach. tight hold on• He had a tight hold on the audience, totally in command of his band.• He says you have to keep a tight hold on the nuts.• She would be keeping a tight hold on her feelings from now on.• Dominic crept carefully down the stairs, keeping a tight hold on the gleaming mahogany banister.• The purge reflects the party leadership's concern with keeping a tight hold on the political reins.• Keeping a tight hold on herself, she went in search of Helen and accepted with gratitude her invitation to lunch. get/keep a hold on/of something• If I could get hold of him, I'd kill him.• She wanted to know how she could get hold of that poem, and maybe that whole book.• He simply can not bear the thought of his hated enemy getting hold of young Adam.• Do you know if such a list exists and if so where I might get hold of it?• They are swiftly-moving animals and not easy to get hold of.• And I think I just might try to get hold of Mark.• How on earth did you get hold of this? From Longman Business Dictionary holdhold1 /həʊldhoʊld/ verb (past tensepst and past participlepp held /held/) 1[transitiveT]FINANCE if you hold an investment, you own it The group holds billions of dollars of junk bonds. 2[transitiveT]FINANCE to keep an investment, rather than sell it I don’t sell anything. I buy stocks to hold. 3hold an interest/position/stake in somethingFINANCE to own part of company, asset etc The company also holds a 25 percent interest in a German refinery. 4hold a patentLAW to own a PATENT (=the right to profits from a product based on a new idea) Inventor Charles Fritz holds the patent to the Tripledge windshield wiper. 5[transitiveT] to have a meeting This year’s conference will be held in Brighton. 6[transitiveT] to keep supplies in a particular place The steel company holds stocks at the terminals in order to make just-in-time deliveries to local customers. 7[transitiveT]FINANCE to keep a price or other amount at a particular level The bank is holding interest rates at 4%. 8[intransitiveI]FINANCE to remain at the same level Since then, the pound has held steady against the dollar. 9hold (its) valueCOMMERCE if something holds value or holds its value, it does not lose its value, or it loses value more slowly than you might expect The works of Magritte and Miro continue to hold their value at auctions despite the art-market slump. In an increasingly disposable society, luxury cars are one of the few items that hold value. 10hold office if a political party holds office, it governs a country 11hold office to have an important job in the government or in a company The original directors of the company would hold office only for the first year of privatization. 12hold a job/position/post etc formalJOB to have a particular job She has held the position of Chief Financial Officer for five years. → hold something → down → hold out for something → hold up holdhold2 noun [countableC] 1TRANSPORTthe part of a ship or plane where goods are stored for transport The Mega Borg had 38 million gallons of crude in its hold. 2COMMERCE if a company has a hold on a market or a large part of a market, it makes it difficult for others to compete hold on They thought they had a pretty good hold on the computer market. 3FINANCE if someone says that an investment is a hold, they mean that people who have it should keep it and not sell it, but that they should not buy any more of it He rates the stock a hold, but figures it ‘might go down before it goes up.’ Origin hold1 Old English healdan hold2 1. → HOLD1 2. hole →20-29 →30-40 →n GRAMMAR1 →n GRAMMAR2 →THESAURUS1 →PHRASAL VERBS1hold2 noun →n COLLOCATIONS1
随便看	dirty great/big dirty trick dis- dis disability disable disabled disablement disadvantage disadvantaged disadvantageous disaffected disaffection disaffiliate disagree disagreeable disagreeably disagreement disagree with disagree with doing disallow disappear disappearance disappear, vanish, etc. into thin air disappear/vanish off the face of the earth 公卖公卿公历公厕公厘公司公司公司债券公司制公司法公同公名公吨公启公呈公告公告板公告牌公善公器公因式公因数公团公园公国